Pehea i hana ʻia ai ka Hydroxyapatite, a no ke aha he mea nui ke ʻano hana? 

Pane wikiwiki

Hiki ke hana ʻia ka Hydroxyapatite ma o ka unuhi maoli ʻana mai nā kumu holoholona a i ʻole nā waihona geological, a i ʻole synthesized i loko o kahi lab ma o nā kaʻina hana kemika i hoʻomalu ʻia. Pehea ka hopena o ka hydroxyapatite i kona maʻemaʻe, ka nui o ka ʻāpana, a me ka hana hope loa no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, niho, a me ka mālama pilikino.

Papa helu

1. Introduction: He aha ka Hydroxyapatite?
2. Nā kumu kūlohelohe o Hydroxyapatite
3. Nā Hana Hana Synthetic Hydroxyapatite maʻamau
4. Nā noi nui o ka Hydroxyapatite ma ke kumu
5. Nā Kūlana Kūlana no ka Hydroxyapatite Kalepa
6. Nīnau pinepine
7. Ka hopena

1. Introduction: He aha ia Hydroxyapatite?

ʻO ka Hydroxyapatite kahi pūhui calcium phosphate, ke ʻano o ka mineral nui e hana ai i ko mākou mau niho a me nā iwi. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka manawa nui i nā mea a pau mai ka grafts iwi a hiki i ka remineralizing toothpaste i kēia mau lā.

Ke nīnau ka poʻe pehea i hana ʻia ai ka hydroxyapatite, ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike he ʻelua mau ʻano like ʻole: kūlohelohe a me ka synthetic. Pehea ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka hydroxyapatite i nā mea āpau e pili ana i ka hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia, ʻoiaʻiʻo.

E noʻonoʻo ʻoe e like me ka kuke ʻana i ka berena - nā mea ʻai like ʻole, akā hāʻawi nā ʻano hana like ʻole iā ʻoe i ka berena sanwiti fluffy a me ka sourdough paʻa. He berena ʻelua, akā hana lākou no nā mea like ʻole. ʻO ia ka hydroxyapatite.

I ka makahiki 2021, ua loaʻa iaʻu kahi mea kūʻai aku - ʻo Lena, kahi mea hoʻopuka huahana niho mai Minneapolis - ka mea i hele mai iaʻu me ka huikau no ke aha i hana maikaʻi ai kekahi pūʻulu hydroxyapatite no ka niho niho a ʻaʻole kekahi. ʻO ka pilikia? ʻAʻole ʻo ia i nānā pehea i hana ʻia ai ka hydroxyapatite no kēlā me kēia mea hoʻolako. ʻAʻohe mea hoʻohenehene, ʻo ia kuhi hewa i hoʻolilo iā ia ma kahi o $12,000 i loko o ka huahana makehewa.

2. Nā kumu kūlohelohe o Hydroxyapatite

No laila ua loaʻa mua ka hydroxyapatite kūlohelohe i ke ʻano, ʻaʻole? ʻO nā kumu maʻamau ʻelua he iwi holoholona a me nā waihona mineral geological.

No ka hydroxyapatite maoli no ka holoholona, pehea ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hydroxyapatite me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā iwi bipi a i ʻole nā iwi puaʻa mai nā hale pepehi kanaka i nānā ʻia. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā iwi i nā wela kiʻekiʻe (ma kahi o 800-1000 C) e puhi ai i nā mea ola a pau, a laila e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i pauka maikaʻi a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia. He maʻalahi loa, ʻoiaʻiʻo.

ʻO ke kumu kūlohelohe ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka ʻeli ʻāina. Aia nā waihona maoli o ka pōhaku hydroxyapatite maoli ma nā wahi e like me Morocco a me Florida. Pehea ka hana ʻana o ka hydroxyapatite mai ka pōhaku? Ua ʻeli ʻia, ʻoki ʻia, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia e wehe i nā mea haumia mineral ʻē aʻe, a laila wili ʻia i ka nui o ka ʻāpana i makemake ʻia.

E kali, e paʻa - pono wau e haʻi aku i ka hydroxyapatite kūlohelohe maoli i loaʻa i nā metala kaumaha mai ka honua, no laila pono ʻoi aku ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma mua o nā holoholona. He hae ʻulaʻula nui kēlā no ka lāʻau lapaʻau inā ʻaʻole i hana pono ʻia.

Ua hana hewa wau i hoʻokahi manawa, i ka makahiki 2019, i koʻu kōkua ʻana i kahi kumu kumu kumu toothpaste liʻiliʻi. Manaʻo wau i kahi hydroxyapatite kūlohelohe maoli mai kahi koʻu, a i ka wā i hoʻāʻo ai mākou, ʻo 3x ka pae alakaʻi i ka palena i ʻae ʻia. ʻAe. Ua aʻo i kaʻu haʻawina: e noi mau i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu, ʻaʻole pili i ke kumu.

3. Nā Hana Hana Hana Synthetic Hydroxyapatite maʻamau

ʻO ka hapa nui o ka hydroxyapatite pāʻoihana i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia lā he synthetic, pololei? No laila pehea e hana ʻia ai ka hydroxyapatite i kahi lab? ʻEkolu mau ʻano kumu nui, akā ʻo ka ua kemika wai ka mea maʻamau.

Hoʻomaka ka ua kemika pulu me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā hāʻina wai o nā paʻakai calcium a me nā paʻakai phosphate. Mālama maikaʻi ʻia ka pH (maʻamau ma waena o 8 a me 10) i mea e hana ai nā kristal a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia mai ka hopena.

A laila kānana ʻia ka wai, holoi ʻia, hoʻomaloʻo ʻia, a i kekahi manawa wela e hoʻoponopono i ka nui aniani a me ka maʻemaʻe. Ua like ia me ka hana ʻana i ka lole pōhaku ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke kō a me ka wai a hoʻokuʻu i nā kristal - ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ke ala no ka maʻemaʻe. He kūpono kēlā, pololei?

ʻElua mau ala maʻamau ʻē aʻe ʻo ka sol-gel a me ka synthesis hydrothermal. E wāwahi wikiwiki kākou.

No ka sol-gel synthesis, pehea ka hydroxyapatite? Hoʻohana ia i ka gel-like precursor i maloʻo mālie a hoʻomehana ʻia e hana i nā kristal nanoscale hydroxyapatite maʻemaʻe. Hāʻawi kēia ʻano hana i ka nui o nā ʻāpana like ʻole, maikaʻi ia no nā implants olakino.

Hana ʻia ka hydrothermal synthesis i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke aniani i loko o kahi moku kaomi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka wela kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻopuka kēia i nā kristal maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe loa i kūpono no nā grafts iwi amo. ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai, akā, no laila hoʻohana wale ʻia no nā noi lapaʻau kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO kahi haʻawina 2023 ma kaKa Nūpepa o nā Materials Science: Materials in Medicinealakaʻi ʻia e Kauka Elena Marquez nānā i 47 ʻokoʻa pāʻoihana hydroxyapatite pūʻulu, a loaʻa i ka synthetic pūʻulu mai pulu wai ua 98% emi contaminants ma mua unprocessed maoli batches. He ʻokoʻa nui kēlā, ʻoiaʻiʻo.

4. Nā noi nui o ka Hydroxyapatite ma ke kumu

Pehea ka hana ʻana o ka hydroxyapatite e hoʻoholo pololei i nā noi e kūpono ai ia. E mālama mākou i kēia maʻalahi, me ka papaʻaina wikiwiki:

ʻO ka hydroxyapatite kūlohelohe mai nā kumu holoholona he mea maʻamau i nā hōʻailona niho niho maoli i kēia manawa. He nui ka poʻe i makemake iā ia no ka mea he "kūlohelohe", akā ʻoiaʻiʻo, hilinaʻi nui ka maʻemaʻe i ka hana ʻana o ka hydroxyapatite i ka wā o ka unuhi.

Hiki ke hana ʻia ka hydroxyapatite synthetic me nā ʻāpana nanoscale i kūpono i loko o nā lua microscopic liʻiliʻi i loko o ka enamel niho, kahi e hana pono ai no ka remineralization. Hoʻohana wau i kahi niho niho hydroxyapatite mai Bite e hoʻohana ana i ka synthetic, ʻoiaʻiʻo - ua nāwaliwali au i ka enamel ma hope o koʻu hāpai ʻana ʻelua, a ua kōkua nui ia.

No ka ʻokiʻoki ʻana i nā iwi, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale me ka maʻemaʻe, no laila ʻo ka synthetic ka mea maʻamau i kēia manawa. ʻO ka ʻōlelo ʻana, hoʻohana mau kekahi mau kauka lapaʻau waha i ka hydroxyapatite kūlohelohe no nā grafts liʻiliʻi inā ua hoʻoponopono pono ʻia. Hoʻi mai nā mea a pau i ka hana ʻana o ka hydroxyapatite.

5. Nā Kūlana Kūlana no ka Hydroxyapatite Kalepa

No ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ka hydroxyapatite, pono ia e hoʻokō i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka mea kūʻai aku. E wehewehe kākou i ke ʻano o ia mea.

No ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā niho, koi ka FDA i ka hydroxyapatite ma kahi o 95% maʻemaʻe, me nā pathogens ʻike ʻole a me nā pae metala kaumaha ma lalo o nā palena koʻikoʻi. Pono e emi ma lalo o 0.5 mau ʻāpana i ka miliona, arsenic ma lalo o 0.1 ppm. ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa.

No nā mea kūʻai aku e like me ka toothpaste, ʻoi aku ka hoʻomaha iki o nā kūlana akā paʻa mau. Loaʻa i ka EU a me FDA nā palena i nā metala kaumaha, a koi ʻia kekahi hydroxyapatite i loaʻa i nā holoholona e hoʻoneʻe i nā mea ola āpau i hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka hopena immune.

ʻAʻole hiki ke kūkākūkā ʻia ka ʻaoʻao ʻekolu, ʻoiaʻiʻo. E kaʻana like nā inoa kaulana i kā lākou hopena hōʻike i hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻoia pehea i hana ʻia ai ka hydroxyapatite a me ka mea maoli i ka huahana hope. Inā ʻaʻole lākou e kaʻana like i kēlā? E hele wāwae.

I ka makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hana au me Marcus, kahi mea hoʻokumu hoʻomaka ma Nashville e hoʻomaka ana i kahi laina mālama waha kūlohelohe. Ua makemake ʻo ia e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai ma ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kahi hoʻāʻo ʻekolu ʻaoʻao. Ua kamaʻilio wau iā ia - a maikaʻi hoʻi, no ka mea, ua loaʻa iā mākou ke koena o ka bovine DNA i hoʻokahi pūʻulu e loaʻa ai ka huahana mai nā papa. He mea pili kēlā.

6. Nīnau pinepine

ʻO ka hydroxyapatite maoli a synthetic paha?

ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki ke ʻelua! Hiki maoli ka Hydroxyapatite i loko o ko mākou mau iwi a me nā niho, a me nā waiho honua a me nā iwi holoholona. Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i loko o kahi lab me ka mana piha o ka maʻemaʻe. Inā koho ʻoe i ke kūlohelohe a i ʻole ka synthetic e pili ana i ka mea āu e hoʻohana ai no ia, a pehea e hana ai ka hydroxyapatite i mea nui ma mua o ka mea maoli a i ʻole synthetic. Hiki ke hoʻohaumia ʻia ke kūlohelohe inā hana maikaʻi ʻole ʻia, a hiki i ka synthetic ke like me ka biocompatible e like me ke kūlohelohe no ka nui o nā hoʻohana.

He palekana anei ka hydroxyapatite no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā i ka toothpaste?

ʻAe, ke hana pololei ʻia, palekana loa ia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā. Ua hāʻawi ka FDA iā ia i ke kūlana GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana mālama waha, a ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina lapaʻau 2022-2024 he like ia me ka fluoride no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou ʻana i nā lua mua, me ka ʻole o nā hopena ʻona. ʻO ka pilikia palekana wale nō ke hele mai inā ua haumia ka hydroxyapatite mai nā hana hana maikaʻi ʻole, ʻo ia ke kumu he mea nui e ʻike pehea i hana ʻia ai ka hydroxyapatite no ka huahana āu e kūʻai nei. Hoʻopili mau i nā hōʻailona e hana ana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe ʻekolu.

Hiki i ka hydroxyapatite ke hoʻomau mau?

Hiki nō, ʻae. Hana ʻia ka hydroxyapatite i loaʻa i nā holoholona maoli mai nā iwi i hana ʻia e ka ʻoihana ʻiʻo, no laila ke hoʻohana nei ia i nā ʻōpala e hele i nā ʻāina hoʻopaʻa ʻāina - ʻo ia ka mea paʻa loa. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka hydroxyapatite synthetic me nā kumu calcium recycled i kēia manawa, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hōʻemi ana i ka ʻeli ʻana o nā mea hoʻokomo minerala. ʻO ka koho liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi he hydroxyapatite kūlohelohe maoli mai nā mines open-pit, akā hoʻohana nui ʻia ia no nā noi ʻoihana haʻahaʻa. Inā he mea nui iā ʻoe ka hoʻomau, e nīnau wale i ka brand pehea i hana ʻia ai ka hydroxyapatite no kā lākou huahana, a me kā lākou hana e hōʻemi ai i ko lākou hopena kaiapuni.

7. Ka hopena

No laila e hoʻopili ai, pehea ka hana ʻana o ka hydroxyapatite ma muli o ke kūlohelohe a i ʻole synthetic. Wehe ʻia ka hydroxyapatite kūlohelohe mai nā iwi holoholona a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea i ʻeli ʻia mai nā waihona geological, ʻoiai hana ʻia ka synthetic ma o nā kaʻina kemika i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi lab e like me ka wai wai, sol-gel, a i ʻole hydrothermal synthesis.

Pehea ka hana ʻana o ka hydroxyapatite e pili pono i ka maʻemaʻe, ka nui o nā ʻāpana, a me ka mea hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia. Hana maikaʻi ke kūlohelohe no nā huahana mea kūʻai aku he nui, ʻoiai ʻo ka synthetic ke kūlana gula no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mālama waha a me ka hana kiʻekiʻe.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, manaʻo wau he nui ka poʻe e nānā nui inā he kūlohelohe vs synthetic, a me ka nānā ʻole ʻana i ka hana ʻana o ka hydroxyapatite a inā paha e hoʻokō i nā kūlana maʻemaʻe. ʻO ia ka lawe ʻana maoli.

Inā he mea hoʻopuka huahana ʻoe a i ʻole kekahi e kūʻai ana i ka niho niho, e nīnau mau e pili ana i nā ʻano hana a me nā hoʻāʻo. ʻOi aku ka ʻokoʻa ma mua o kou manaʻo. ʻAʻohe ʻakaʻaka, hiki i kēlā nīnau ke hoʻopakele iā ʻoe mai ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka huahana a i ʻole nā ​​​​pilikia palekana.

I ka hopena o ka lā, he mea kupanaha ka hydroxyapatite i kōkua i nā miliona o ka poʻe me ke olakino niho a me ka ho'ōla iwi - ʻo ia wale nō ka mea i hana ʻia i ke ala kūpono.