Hydroxyapatite: ʻO ke alakaʻi piha i nā papa, nā noi, a me nā ʻikepili ʻenehana 

Inā ʻoe e hoʻokumu nei i kahi toothpaste koʻikoʻi hou, e ʻimi ana i nā biomaterials no nā implants orthopedic, a i ʻole ke noiʻi ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻopuka lāʻau holomua, aia kahi pūhui hiki ʻole iā ʻoe ke haʻalele: hydroxyapatite.

I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻololi ʻia kēia mea kupaianaha mai nā palapala ʻepekema niche a i nā noi pāʻoihana. Ke alakaʻi ʻia nei e ka mea kūʻai aku no nā lāʻau lapaʻau biocompatible a me ka non-toxic, fluoride-free oral care, ke ulu wikiwiki nei ka mākeke honua no kēia mineral.

No ke kōkua ʻana iā ʻoe e hoʻokele i kēia ʻāina paʻakikī, ua hōʻuluʻulu mākou i kahi alakaʻi piha i hoʻolālā ʻia no nā mea hoʻomohala huahana, nā hui kūʻai, a me nā ʻoihana ʻoihana. Ma lalo nei, luʻu mākou i loko o ka hydroxyapatite maoli, nā māka kūʻai kūʻai kūʻokoʻa i loaʻa, kāna mau noi mua, nā pono kumu, a me nā kikoʻī ʻenehana maʻamau.

He aha ka Hydroxyapatite?

Ma kona kumu, ʻo ka hydroxyapatite (hoʻopau pinepine ʻia ʻo HAp a i ʻole HA) he ʻano mineral maoli o ka calcium apatite. ʻO kona ʻano kemika $Ca_{10}(PO_{4})_{6}(OH)_{2}$. Inā like ia me ka waha o ka kemika, e noʻonoʻo ʻoe penei: ʻo ia ke kumu kumu o ka ʻōnaehana iwi iwi.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hydroxyapatite ka mea ma kahi o 60% a 70% o ke kaumaha o ka iwi kanaka a he 97% kupaianaha o kā mākou enamel niho-ʻo ka mea paʻakikī loa i loko o ke kino kanaka. Ma muli o ka hana maoli ʻana o ko mākou kino a hilinaʻi i kēia mineral, ua helu ʻia nā ʻano synthetic o ia mea he biomimetic. Ke hoʻokomo ʻia i ke kino o ke kanaka, inā i hoʻopili ʻia ma luna o nā niho a i hoʻokomo pono ʻia i loko o ka ʻiʻo iwi, ʻaʻole ʻike ke kino iā ia he mea hoʻouka kaua. Akā, hoʻopili ia i ka mea, e ʻae i ka hoʻohui ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana.

Ma ka mōʻaukala, ʻo ka unuhi ʻana i kēia mineral mai nā kumu kūlohelohe he paʻakikī a loaʻa ka maʻemaʻe like ʻole. I kēia lā, hiki i nā mea hana ke hana i ka hydroxyapatite synthetic e hoʻohālikelike pono i ka mineral iwi maoli, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka nui o nā ʻāpana a me nā pae maʻemaʻe.

Nā Papa Huahana a me nā kiko'ī

ʻAʻole like nā hydroxyapatite a pau. ʻO ke kaʻina hana hana e kuhikuhi i ka nui o ka ʻāpana, morphology, a me ka maʻemaʻe o ka pauka hope loa, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea e wehewehe ai i kāna helu pāʻoihana. He mea koʻikoʻi ke koho ʻana i ka papa kūpono no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kānāwai a me ka pono o ka huahana.

1. Papa Lapaʻau (Implantable)

ʻO kēia ka pae kiʻekiʻe a paʻa loa i hoʻoponopono ʻia. Pono e hōʻike ka hydroxyapatite lāʻau lapaʻau i ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe loa a me ka ratio Calcium-to-Phosphorus (Ca/P) pololei ma kahi o 1.67, pili pono i ka iwi maoli. Hoʻokomo ʻia ia i ka hoʻāʻo ikaika no ka hoʻohaumia metala kaumaha, cytotoxicity, a me nā endotoxins bacteria. E ʻike ʻoe i kēia papa i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka iwi, nā scaffolds spinal fusion, a ma ke ʻano he uhi bioactive no ka titanium orthopedic a me nā implants niho.

2. Ka mālama waha a me ka papa nani

Hoʻoikaika nui ʻia e ka ulu ʻana o ka nani maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe a me nā mākeke olakino, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia māka no ka noi kumuhana. ʻO ka sub-category kaulana loa ma aneʻi nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp). No ka mea he microscopic nā ʻōpala niho (nā pores liʻiliʻi i loko o kou mau niho), pono e hana ʻia nā ʻāpana i kahi nano-scale (maʻamau ma waena o 20 a 60 nanometers) i hiki iā lākou ke komo kino a hoʻopiha i kēlā mau hakahaka. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka toothpaste premium, mouthwashes, a i kekahi manawa i ka mālama ʻili ma ke ʻano he ʻaila-absorbing, soft-focus agent.

3. Papa Noi a me Chromatography

Hoʻohana paʻa ʻia i loko o nā kaiapuni keʻena hoʻokolohua, ua hana ʻia kēia māka no ka ʻepekema ʻepekema. Loaʻa i nā ʻāpana spherical hydroxyapatite nā kumu kūʻokoʻa o ka ʻili, e hana maikaʻi ana lākou i nā ʻāpana kū i nā kolamu chromatography. Hoʻohana ka poʻe biologists i kēia papa e hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā protein paʻakikī, nā enzymes, a me nā waikawa nucleic e pili ana i ka ikaika o kēia mau molekala olaola e hoʻopaʻa ai i nā kahua calcium a me ka phosphate ma ka ʻili o ka mineral.

Nā noi nui

ʻO nā waiwai biomimetic kūʻokoʻa o ka hydroxyapatite ua wehe i nā ʻano noi like ʻole ma nā ʻoihana he nui.

Ka mālama waha a me ka niho niho

ʻO kēia paha ka ʻoihana ʻoihana e ulu wikiwiki nei no ka mineral. Ke ʻimi nei nā mea kūʻai aku i nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka fluoride kuʻuna, ua puka mai ka hydroxyapatite ma ke ʻano he gula gula no ka remineralization niho. Ke palaki ʻia i nā niho, hoʻopaʻa pololei nā ʻāpana nano i ka enamel, e hoʻopiha ana i nā ʻōpala microscopic a me nā māwae. ʻAʻole pale wale kēia ʻano hana i nā aʻalolo i hōʻike ʻia - e hōʻemi nui ana i ka naʻau o nā niho-akā, waiho pū kekahi i nā niho me ka maʻemaʻe maoli, ʻoi aku ka nani, a me ke keʻokeʻo me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana i nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kemika.

Orthopedic a me ka hoʻopili iwi

Ma ke kaʻina hana hou, pono ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pōʻino iwi koʻikoʻi i mea hiki ke kākoʻo i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻiʻo hou. Hana ʻo Hydroxyapatite ma ke ʻano he scaffold osteoconductive. Ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi iwi ʻole, hāʻawi ia i kahi hoʻolālā kino no nā pūpū iwi ponoʻī o ka mea maʻi (osteoblasts) e hoʻopili, hoʻonui, a hoʻomoe i lalo o ka iwi iwi hou. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hoʻopaʻa lohi ʻia ka hydroxyapatite porous nui e ke kino a hoʻololi ʻia e ka iwi ola maoli.

Pūnaehana Hoʻolaha Laʻau Kiʻekiʻe

No ka mea hiki ke hana ʻia ka synthetic hydroxyapatite i porous loa, ke hoʻohana ikaika nei nā mea noiʻi ma ke ʻano he mea lawe no ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Hiki ke hoʻouka ʻia ka mineral me nā lāʻau antibiotic, nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory, a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hana chemotherapeutic. Ke hoʻokomo ʻia ma kahi kahua ʻokiʻoki (e like me ke kahua wehe ʻana i ka ʻōpū o ka iwi), hāʻawi ia i ka hoʻokuʻu lohi, kūloko, a hoʻomau i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka wā e wāwahi mālie ai ka mineral, e hōʻemi ana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao.

Pono Pono

No ke aha e koho mau ai nā mea ʻenekinia huahana a me nā limahana lapaʻau i kēia mea ma mua o nā bioceramics a i ʻole nā polymers synthetic? Aia ka pane ma kāna mau pono kumu ʻehā:

• Kūikawā Biocompatibility: No ka mea, kaʻana like ia i ka hana kemika pololei o ka iwi kanaka a me ka enamel, hoʻoulu ia i ka pane ʻana o ka ʻeha a i ʻole immunological i ka wā i hoʻokomo ʻia i ke kino.

• Osteoconductivity kiʻekiʻe: ʻAʻole noho wale i loko o ke kino; hoʻoikaika ikaika ia i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ke ola, e hoʻopaʻa ana i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā implants artificial a me nā mea ola maoli.

• Palapala Palekana Non-Toxic: ʻAʻole e like me kekahi mau mea kemika i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea hoʻonaninani a me ka mālama niho, ʻaʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa. Inā ʻai ʻia (he pilikia maʻamau i ka niho niho o nā keiki), e hoʻoheheʻe wale ʻia i loko o nā ion calcium a me ka phosphate i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū.

• Hoʻonui hou ʻia: ʻOiai ke pale nei nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe i ka demineralization, kūkulu hou ka hydroxyapatite i ka ʻiʻo ma o ka hāʻawi pololei ʻana i nā minerale pono e pono ai nā niho a me nā iwi e hoʻoponopono iā lākou iho.

Paʻiʻikeʻike loea

No ka poʻe chemist formulation a me nā luna kūʻai, pono nā kikoʻī kikoʻī. ʻOiai he koho maʻamau ka synthesis maʻamau, ʻo ka lāʻau lapaʻau / Oral Grade hydroxyapatite pauka kiʻekiʻe maʻamau e kūlike me nā ʻāpana ʻenehana aʻe:

• ʻAno: Pauka maikaʻi, keʻokeʻo, ʻaʻala ʻole

• Hoʻokumu Crystal: Pūnaehana Hexagonal

• ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālike kimemika: $Ca_{10}(PO_{4})_{6}(OH)_{2}$

• Ca/P mola ratio: 1.66 – 1.68 (Ke kuhi nei i ka manaʻo 1.67)

• Maʻemaʻe / Hōʻike: ≥ 99.0%

• Ka nui o ka ʻāpana (D50): * Papa Nano: 20 nm – 60 nm

  • Papa Micro: 1 μm – 10 μm

• Waiwai pH (5% hoʻomaha wai): 6.5 – 8.0

• Nalo ma ka maloo: ≤ 2.0%

• Nā palena metala kaumaha:

  • Ke alakaʻi (Pb): <1.0 ppm

  • Arsenic (As): <1.0 ppm

  • Mercury (Hg): <0.1 ppm

  • Cadmium (Cd): <0.5 ppm

FAQ: Nīnau pinepine

Q1: Pehea e hoʻohālikelike ai ka hydroxyapatite me ka fluoride i ka toothpaste?

ʻOiai e pale ana lāua ʻelua i nā lua, ʻokoʻa loa kā lākou mau hana. Hoʻopili ka Fluoride me ka huela e hana i kahi pale ma ka ʻili niho i kapa ʻia ʻo fluorapatite, ʻo ia ka mea kūpaʻa loa i ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka waikawa. ʻO ka Hydroxyapatite, ma kekahiʻaoʻao, e hana ma keʻano he mea pani pono. Hoʻopiha kino ia i nā lua microscopic a nalowale nā ​​mineral i loko o ka enamel. Nui nā ʻano hana hou i kēia manawa e hui pū i nā mea ʻelua no ka pale ʻoi loa, ʻoiai makemake nui ʻia ka hydroxyapatite e ka poʻe e ʻimi nei i nā koho fluoride-free.

Q2: He palekana anei ka nano-hydroxyapatite e hoʻohana i kēlā me kēia lā? E komo anei ia i koʻu koko?

ʻAe, ua manaʻo nui ʻia ka palekana e nā kino hoʻoponopono honua no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā i nā mea hoʻonaninani a me ka mālama waha. ʻOiai he nano ka nui o nā ʻāpana, ua maʻalahi lākou i ka agglomeration (hui pū) i nā formulations. Eia kekahi, inā hoʻokomo wale ʻia, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā nano-particles i loko o nā wahi ʻawaʻawa. Hoʻopau koke lākou i ka ʻakika o ka ʻōpū i loko o ka calcium meaʻai kumu a me ka phosphorus, e pale ana i ka pilikia o ka toxic cellular a i ʻole ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana.

Q3: Hiki i ka hydroxyapatite ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā niho?

ʻAe, akā ʻaʻole like me ka peroxide. Hoʻopaneʻe nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kemika i nā ʻili i loko o ka hale niho. Hana ʻo Hydroxyapatite ma ke ʻano he hoʻihoʻi kino. Ma ka hoʻopiha ʻana i nā micro-abrasions a me nā wahi ʻeleʻele ma ka ʻili enamel, hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ka niho. Hāʻawi kēia hoʻonui ʻana i ka mālamalama i ka ʻike ʻia o kahi minoʻaka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, keʻokeʻo, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi me ka ʻole o ka naʻau aʻalolo i hana pinepine ʻia e ka bleaching kemika.