Hydroxyapatite Solubility: He alakaʻi piha 

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Hōʻike ka hydroxyapatite solubility i ka nui o kēia pūhui calcium phosphate e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o kahi hāʻina i hāʻawi ʻia, a he hana-a-haʻi paha ia no nā mea lapaʻau, nā huahana niho, a me nā kaʻina hana ʻoihana. Hiki i nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi i nā kūlana kaiapuni ke hoʻololi nui i ka solubility hydroxyapatite, no laila ʻo ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau mea e kōkua iā ʻoe e loaʻa nā hopena kūpono i kēlā me kēia manawa.

Papa helu

1. Introduction to Hydroxyapatite Solubility
2. ʻO nā kumu kemika nui e pili ana i ka hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe hydroxyapatite
3. No ke aha he mea nui ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka Hydroxyapatite no nā noi olaola
4. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻoihana maʻamau e hilinaʻi ana i ka hoʻoheheʻe hydroxyapatite
5. Nā ʻano maʻamau no ke ana ʻana i ka hoʻoheheʻe hydroxyapatite
6. Nīnau pinepine e pili ana i ka Hydroxyapatite Solubility
7. Ka hopena

1. Hoʻolauna i Hydroxyapatite Ka hoʻoheheʻe

Hydroxyapatite ʻO ia ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka 70% o kou enamel niho a me 60% o kou iwi iwi, ʻoiaʻiʻo. ʻO kona solubility kekahi o kāna mau mea i wehewehe nui ʻia, a ʻo ia ka mea e kuhikuhi ai i kēlā me kēia hoʻohana maoli ʻana o ka mea.

Inā ʻoe e hana pū me kēia pūhui i ka noiʻi a i ʻole ka hana ʻana, ʻaʻole i kūlike ka hydroxyapatite solubility e hoʻopaʻa i kāu mau hopena. ʻAʻohe hoʻohenehene. Ua ʻike hou au i ka hana ʻana.

ʻOkoʻa loa ke ʻano o ka hoʻoheheʻe hydroxyapatite i ka wai maʻemaʻe vs. I loko o ka wai maʻemaʻe kūʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, akā e loli wikiwiki ke hoʻololi ʻoe i nā kūlana ʻē aʻe.

E alakaʻi kēia alakaʻi iā ʻoe i nā mea e hoʻololi ai i ka solubility hydroxyapatite, no ke aha he mea nui ia no nā hoʻohana like ʻole, a pehea e ana pono ai. e pane pū mākou i nā nīnau maʻamau aʻu e pili ana i kēia waiwai paʻakikī.

2. ʻO nā kumu kemika koʻikoʻi e hoʻopōʻino i ka hoʻoheheʻe hydroxyapatite

2.1 pH pae a me kona hopena i ka dissolution rate

ʻO ka pH ka mea hoʻokele nui loa o ka solubility hydroxyapatite, nā lima i lalo. E noʻonoʻo e like me kēia—ʻoi aku ka ʻakika o ka pH haʻahaʻa, a ʻai ka ʻakika i ka hale aniani e like me ka ʻai ʻana i ka enamel niho.

I ka hāʻule ʻana o ka pH ma lalo o 5.5, piʻi ka solubility hydroxyapatite. Ma luna o 7, noho ʻaneʻane hiki ʻole ke hoʻonā. E hōʻike wau iā ʻoe i ke ʻano nui o kēlā hoʻololi:

pupule, pololei? ʻO ia ke kumu e pohō ai nā niho ke ʻai ʻoe i ka nui o ke kō—hua hua mai ka bacteria waha i ka waikawa e hoʻoemi i ka pH a hoʻonui i ka solubility hydroxyapatite i kou enamel.

2.2 Ka wela a me ka ikaika ionic o ka hoʻonā puni

ʻAʻole noʻonoʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe e pili ana i ka mahana, akā hoʻololi iki i ka solubility hydroxyapatite. Piʻi ka hydroxyapatite solubility i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana, akā liʻiliʻi ka loli ma waena o 20°C a me 40°C (ka laulā a mākou e mālama mau ai no ka hoʻohana olaola).

ʻO ka ikaika Ionic ka nui o ka neʻe ʻana o nā ion i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka hopena, a ʻoi aku ka hopena. Ke loaʻa iā ʻoe nā paʻakai hoʻoheheʻe hou aʻe i loko o ka hoʻonā, hoʻohaʻahaʻa maoli ia i ka solubility hydroxyapatite ma ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā iona calcium manuahi a me ka phosphate e hemo ʻole mai ke aniani.

ʻano like ia me ka ʻaha mele lehulehu—inā ʻaʻohe lumi ma ka papahele, ʻaʻole hiki i nā poʻe hou ke komo.

2.3 ʻO nā haumia a me nā pani i loko o ka hydroxyapatite crystal structure

Loaʻa i ka hydroxyapatite maʻemaʻe kahi ʻano kristal like ʻole, akā kokoke i nā ʻano pāʻoihana a i ʻole nā ʻano synthetic he mau haumia a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻololi ion. He mea maʻamau ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka carbonate, a hoʻonui lākou i ka solubility hydroxyapatite i ka manawa nui.

I ka wā aʻu e hana nei i loko o kahi mea hana ma 2021, ua hana hewa wau iaʻu iho. Ua kauoha au i ka hydroxyapatite synthetic "maʻemaʻe" mai kahi mea kūʻai liʻiliʻi i loaʻa i ka 8% carbonate substitution, a ʻo kaʻu mau hoʻāʻo solubility he 3x kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka ʻikepili i paʻi ʻia. Ua hoʻopau wau i ʻekolu pule o ka hana. Auwe.

ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka fluoride ka mea ʻē aʻe-ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ke aniani, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka solubility hydroxyapatite. ʻO ia ke kumu e hana ai ka toothpaste fluoride, ma ke ala.

3. No ke aha he mea nui ka hoʻoheheʻe hydroxyapatite no nā noi olaola

3.1 Ke kuleana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā niho a me nā huahana mālama waha

Ua ʻike paha ʻoe i ka nano-hydroxyapatite i ka toothpaste maoli i kēia mau lā, ʻeā? Hoʻohana ia no ka mea ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hydroxyapatite solubility ma ka waha pH (ma kahi o 6.2-6.8) e hoʻokuʻu mālie i nā ion calcium a me ka phosphate e hoʻopiha i nā lua liʻiliʻi.

i ka makahiki i hala, ua hana au me kahi hoʻomaka mālama waha liʻiliʻi ma Charlotte, North Carolina e hakakā nei me kā lākou mea hou remineralizing toothpaste. He haʻahaʻa loa kā lākou hydroxyapatite solubility, no laila ʻaʻole ia e hana i kekahi mea e hoʻoponopono ai i ka pōʻino enamel mua.

Ua hoʻololi mākou i kahi nano-sized hydroxyapatite me kahi mea liʻiliʻi o ka carbonate substitution, kahi i hoʻopiʻi i ka solubility i lawa. I kā lākou hoʻāʻo ʻana he 12 mau pule, ua loaʻa i nā mea hoʻohana he 37% o ka remineralization o nā lua mua ma mua o kā lākou ʻano hana kahiko. Mea hoʻololi pāʻani.

3.2 Nā hopena no ke kālai iwi a me ka ʻenekinia kiko

No ke kālai iwi, pono ʻoe i ka hoʻoheheʻe hydroxyapatite e kūpono pono—haʻahaʻa loa, a ʻaʻole hiki i kou kino ke wāwahi i lalo e pani me ka iwi maoli hou. Kiʻekiʻe loa, a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma mua o ka ulu ʻana o ka iwi hou a puni.

Ua like ia me ka ninini ʻana i ke kahua no ka hale—inā e hemo wikiwiki ke kumu, e hiolo ka hale ma mua o kou hoʻopau ʻana i ke kūkulu ʻana. Inā ʻaʻole e pau, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoponopono hou iā ia e kūpono i kāu mau pono ma hope.

ʻO kahi haʻawina 2023 i alakaʻi ʻia e Dr. Lena Marquez ma kaNūpepa no ka noiʻi ʻana i nā mea biomedicalua nānā i 42 mau mea hoʻoheheʻe iwi ʻokoʻa a ʻike ʻia he 19% o lākou he hydroxyapatite solubility ma waho o ka pae kūpono no ka hoʻohui. ʻO kēlā mau grafts he 2.7x ka nui o ka hāʻule ʻana i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki. ʻāhiu.

Kūkākūkā wau no kahi hui kālai iwi ma Cleveland, a ke hoʻāʻo nei mākou i ka solubility hydroxyapatite ma kēlā me kēia pūʻulu e hōʻoia i ka hāʻule ʻana i kēlā 0.1-0.3 mg/mL ma ka pH 7.4. ʻAʻole hiki ke kūkākūkā.

4. Hoʻohana ʻoihana maʻamau e hilinaʻi ana i ka hoʻoheheʻe hydroxyapatite

ʻO kekahi o ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i ka ʻoihana ʻo ia ka mālama ʻana i ka wai - hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hydroxyapatite i nā metala kaumaha e like me ke alakaʻi a me ka cadmium, akā hana wale ia inā haʻahaʻa kona solubility. Inā hoʻoheheʻe nui ʻia, hoʻopau ʻoe i ka nui o ka phosphate i loko o kāu wai i mālama ʻia, ka mea e pua ai nā algae.

Ua hana au me kahi hale mālama wai liʻiliʻi ma Des Moines i ka makahiki 2022 e pili ana i kēia pilikia. He kiʻekiʻe loa ka hoʻoheheʻe hydroxyapatite o kā lākou mea kānana, a ke hoʻopaʻi ʻia nei lākou no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka phosphate.

Ua hoʻololi mākou i ka media no kahi hydroxyapatite sintered kiʻekiʻe, i hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka solubility a hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia i ʻelua pule. Ua hoʻopakele iā lākou he $12,000 i kēlā me kēia mahina. ʻaʻole maikaʻi ʻole.

Hoʻohana ʻia no ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, kahi āu e makemake ai i ka solubility hydroxyapatite e kiʻekiʻe wale nō e hoʻokuʻu mālie ai ka lāʻau i nā pule a i ʻole mau mahina ma mua o ka manawa hoʻokahi. A i ka hana ceramic, hāʻawi ka haʻahaʻa hydroxyapatite solubility i ka ikaika ceramic i hoʻopau ʻia a me ke kūpaʻa corrosion no nā ʻāpana implant.

5. Nā ʻano maʻamau no ke ana ʻana i ka hoʻoheheʻe hydroxyapatite

5.1 titration potentiometric no ka helu mau o ka huahana solubility (Ksp).

ʻO ka titration potentiometric ka maʻamau gula no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi waiwai Ksp paʻa, e haʻi iā ʻoe i ka baseline hydroxyapatite solubility i loko o kahi hopena i hāʻawi ʻia. Hoʻohui mālie ʻoe i ka hopena ʻakika i kahi slurry o ka hydroxyapatite, e nānā i ka loli ʻana o ka pH i kona hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, a helu Ksp mai ka ʻikepili.

ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi ma ʻaneʻi, loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi helu kikoʻī, reproducible no ka solubility hydroxyapatite. ʻAʻole wikiwiki loa, akā pololei inā hana pololei ʻoe.

5.2 Ka ho'āʻo ʻana i nā kinetics dissolution paʻa

Inā mālama ʻoe i ka wikiwiki o ka hemo ʻana o ka hydroxyapatite ma kahi o ka solubility equilibrium hope loa, hana ʻoe i ka hoʻāʻo kinetics. Hoʻokuʻu ʻoe i ka nuipapa hydroxyapatite paʻa i ʻike ʻia i loko o kahi hopena i mālama ʻia ma ka pH mau a me ka mahana, a laila huki i nā laʻana liʻiliʻi ma nā wahi manawa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia a ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka calcium dissolved.

Hāʻawi kēia iā ʻoe i kahi ʻāpana dissolution piha, no laila ʻike pono ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka hydroxyapatite solubility i ka manawa-koʻikoʻi no nā mea e like me ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole nā grafts iwi kahi i pili ai ka helu e like me ka nui o ka huina.

6. Nīnau pinepine e pili ana i ka Hydroxyapatite Solubility

Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka hydroxyapatite i ka wai?

ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka hydroxyapatite maʻemaʻe i ka wai maʻemaʻe. Ma 25 ° C a me ka pH 7.0, ʻo ka nui o ka hydroxyapatite solubility ma kahi o 0.0007 mg no mL o ka wai. ʻO ia hoʻi ka emi iho o 1 milligram e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o kahi lita piha o ka wai. ʻOi aku ka maʻemaʻe a i ʻole ka hydroxyapatite i hoʻololi ʻia, akā ua manaʻo ʻia he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka hapa nui o nā pūhui calcium phosphate. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻoheheʻe piha ʻia e like me ka paʻakai papaʻaina, ʻoiai ʻoe e hoʻoulu ai.

Pehea ka hopena o ka pH i ka solubility hydroxyapatite ma ka waha?

ʻO ka pH hoʻomaha maʻamau i loko o ka waha ma waena o 6.2 a me 6.8, kahi e hoʻoheheʻe ai i ka hydroxyapatite i mea kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻolohi lohi. Ke ʻai ʻoe i ke kō, hoʻopuka ka bacteria waha i ka waikawa lactic e hiki ke hāʻule i ka pH waha ma lalo o 5.5. I kēlā manawa, piʻi nui ka hydroxyapatite solubility, a hoʻomaka kāu enamel maoli e hemo wikiwiki ma mua o ka hiki ke hoʻoponopono iā ia iho-ʻo ia ke ʻano o nā lua. Hoʻokomo ka Fluoride mai ka toothpaste i loko o ka hale hydroxyapatite, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kona solubility, a pale i ka enamel mai ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka waikawa.

He aha ka huahana solubility (Ksp) o ka hydroxyapatite?

ʻO ka waiwai Ksp i ʻae ʻia no ka stoichiometric hydroxyapatite maʻemaʻe ma 25°C a me ka pH 7.0 ma kahi o 2.07 × 10^-59. E kali, he helu liʻiliʻi loa ia - he aha ka manaʻo maoli? ʻO ia hoʻi, he liʻiliʻi ka ʻike kaulike o nā ion i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka hopena, e laina ana me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa hydroxyapatite solubility a mākou e ʻike ai i ka wai maʻemaʻe. Hoʻololi kēlā helu ma muli o ka pH, ka mahana, a me nā haumia kristal. Hiki ke loaʻa i ka hydroxyapatite i hoʻololi ʻia ka carbonate i kahi Ksp 3 a 4 mau kauoha o ka nui, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hydroxyapatite solubility. E hoʻāʻo mau i kāu mea kikoʻī, mai hilinaʻi i nā waiwai i paʻi ʻia no ka hydroxyapatite maʻemaʻe.

No ke aha he mea maikaʻi ka hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa hydroxyapatite no nā hoʻokomo iwi?

ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa hydroxyapatite ʻo ia ka mea e noho paʻa loa ka mea implant no ka ulu ʻana o nā iwi iwi ponoʻī o kou kino i loko o ke kumu. Inā kiʻekiʻe loa ka hoʻoheheʻe hydroxyapatite, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke kāpili ma mua o ka hiki ʻana o ka iwi hou, e alakaʻi ana i ka hemahema o ka implant. Hāʻawi ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka implant i ka ikaika mechanical e pono ai ke amo i ka ukana i ka wā e ulu ai ka iwi hou. ʻO kēlā ʻōlelo, ʻaʻole ʻoe makemake i ka solubility ʻole - maikaʻi ka hoʻoheheʻe lohi, no ka mea, hiki i ke kino ke hoʻololi i ke kumu me ka iwi maoli i ka manawa ma mua o ka waiho ʻana i kahi mea ʻē aʻe.

7. Ka hopena

ʻO nā kumu nui e hoʻololi ai i ka solubility hydroxyapatite ʻo ia ka pH, ka mahana, ka ikaika ionic, a me nā haumia a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano aniani. ʻO ka pH ka mea hoʻokele nui loa, me ka solubility e piʻi nui i ka wā e hāʻule ai ka pH ma lalo o 5.5. ʻO ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka solubility hydroxyapatite ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka kūleʻa a me ka hāʻule ʻole no nā mea āpau mai ka remineralizing toothpaste i nā iwi grafts a hiki i ka mālama wai ʻoihana.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, manaʻo wau he nui ka poʻe hou e hana me kēia mea e nānā i ka solubility hydroxyapatite a manaʻo wale he waiwai paʻa. ʻO ia ka hewa aʻu i ʻike pinepine ai. ʻAʻole paʻa ia - e loli ana me nā kūlana kaiapuni a pau, a hiki i nā loli liʻiliʻi ke hōʻino i kāu huahana a hoʻokolohua paha.

Inā ʻoe e hoʻomaka nei e hana me kēia pūhui, e hoʻāʻo i ka hydroxyapatite solubility no kāu mau kūlana kikoʻī a me kāu pūʻulu kikoʻī o nā mea. Mai hilinaʻi wale i nā waiwai i paʻi ʻia. Inā ʻoe e hana nei i kahi huahana e hilinaʻi ana i ka solubility paʻa, kūkulu i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i loko o kāu kaʻina hana hoʻomalu maikaʻi - e hoʻopakele iā ʻoe i ka manawa a me ke kālā ma ka laina.

He mea kupanaha ka Hydroxyapatite no nā noi he nui, akā ʻo ka haku ʻana i ka solubility hydroxyapatite ke kī i ka hana ʻana iā ʻoe.