
2026-06-17 dr hab

Hydroxyapatite tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv kev saib xyuas qhov ncauj, tshuaj txhuam hniav, tshuaj ntxuav qhov ncauj, kho hniav gel, kev tu tsiaj lub qhov ncauj thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj biomaterial. Raws li calcium phosphate ntxhia, nws muaj nuj nqis rau nws cov hniav zoo li cov ntxhia, enamel-txhawb lub tswv yim thiab muaj zog sib raug zoo nrog cov khoom siv kho qhov ncauj.
Txawm li cas los xij, thaum siv hydroxyapatite hauv dej-raws li cov qauv, formulators feem ntau ntsib ib qho kev sib tw: kev ruaj ntseg.
Tsis zoo li cov dej-soluble cosmetic active, hydroxyapatite yog ib qho inorganic ntxhia hais. Nws tsis yaj nyob rau hauv dej nyob rau hauv ib txwm formulation tej yam kev mob. Es tsis txhob, nws tshwm sim raws li ib tug dispersed khoom theem. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias qhov kawg khoom ua tau zoo nyob ntawm qhov tsis tsuas yog nyob ntawm cov khoom xyaw nws tus kheej, tab sis kuj nyob ntawm seb nws raug tshem tawm, dispersed thiab tiv thaiv los ntawm sedimentation.
Rau cov tshuaj txhuam hniav, tshuaj yaug qhov ncauj, qhov ncauj gels, cov tshuaj txhuam hniav tsiaj los yog cov khoom siv dej ncua kev kawm, tsis zoo hydroxyapatite stability yuav ua rau pom kev daws teeb meem, tsis sib xws active tis, ntxhib ntxhib ntxhib los mos, tsos tsis zoo los yog cov neeg siv khoom tsis zoo.
Kab lus no piav qhia txog yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam hydroxyapatite stability nyob rau hauv dej raws li cov qauv, suav nrog sedimentation, pH, particle size, dispersion method and formulation testing.
Hydroxyapatite feem ntau yog ntxiv rau cov qauv kev saib xyuas qhov ncauj xws li hmoov, nano hmoov, micro hmoov los yog kev tshem tawm ua ntej. Hauv cov txheej txheem dej, cov khoom yuav tsum nyob sib npaug thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, sau, khaws cia thiab siv cov neeg siv khoom.
Yog tias tus qauv tsim tsis zoo, cov qauv tsim yuav pom cov teeb meem xws li:
Rau B2B cov khoom tsim, cov teeb meem no muaj ntau tshaj qhov pom kev tsis zoo. Lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev tsim khoom, kev tswj kom zoo, kev thov khoom thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.
Cov mis mos hydroxyapatite ruaj khov yuav tsum muaj qhov sib xws, pom kev zoo nkauj thiab ua haujlwm zoo ib yam thoob plaws nws lub neej txee.
Hydroxyapatite yog cov khoom siv ntxhia, tsis yog dej-soluble active ingredient. Thaum ntxiv rau dej, nws tsim ib qho kev ncua es tsis yog cov tshuaj ntshiab.
Qhov kev coj cwj pwm no tsim ntau yam kev xav tau ntawm kev tsim:
Hauv lwm lo lus, hydroxyapatite stability tsis yog tswj los ntawm ib qho ntawm ib leeg. Nws yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm particle zoo, qauv tsim, txheej txheem thiab ntim kev xaiv ua haujlwm ua ke.

Sedimentation tshwm sim thaum cov khoom raug tshem tawm maj mam txav mus rau hauv qab lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Vim hais tias hydroxyapatite hais yog denser dua dej, qee qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev daws teeb meem muaj nyob rau hauv cov qauv uas tsis muaj viscosity.
Sedimentation yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv:
Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj txhuam hniav los yog cov viscosity gel, sedimentation yuav pom tsawg dua vim tias cov qauv qauv pab tuav cov khoom. Nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj ua kua los yog tshem tawm, kev tswj sedimentation ua qhov tseem ceeb dua.
Txhawm rau txhim kho kev ncua kev ruaj ntseg, cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem xav txog:
Kev ncua lossis viscosity-txhawb cov khoom xyaw yuav suav nrog cov khoom siv cellulose derivatives, xanthan gum, carbomer-compatible systems, natural pos hniav los yog lwm yam kev kho qhov ncauj-tsim rheology modifiers. Qhov kev xaiv meej yog nyob ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab cov phiaj xwm kev lag luam.
Rau cov tshuaj ntxuav qhov ncauj lossis cov khoom ua kua, "coj zoo ua ntej siv" yuav raug txiav txim siab, tab sis qhov no yuav tsum tsis txhob siv los ua ib qho luv luv rau cov qauv tsis zoo. Ib yam khoom zoo yuav tsum tseem rov ua kom yooj yim dua thiab tswj tau qhov sib xws tom qab co.
Particle loj muaj feem cuam tshuam loj rau hydroxyapatite stability.
Cov khoom me me feem ntau nyob twj ywm yooj yim dua li cov khoom loj dua vim tias lawv nyob qeeb dua. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom zoo heev kuj tseem tuaj yeem muaj kev nyiam ntau dua rau agglomerate yog tias lawv tsis tawg zoo.
Formulators yuav tsum ntsuas:
Nano hydroxyapatite feem ntau xaiv rau cov tshuaj txhuam hniav thiab cov qauv kev kho qhov ncauj zoo heev vim nws qhov loj me me thiab zoo nkauj. Micro hydroxyapatite tej zaum yuav tsim nyog rau qee cov hmoov, muab tshuaj txhuam lossis chewable hom uas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov zoo.
Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj yog nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov zaum kawg. Cov tshuaj ntxuav qhov ncauj pob tshab, cov tshuaj txhuam hniav creamy thiab cov tsiaj hniav gel tsis xav tau tib qib hydroxyapatite.

pH yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv cov qauv dej hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite yog qhov yooj yim dua nyob rau hauv acidic tej yam kev mob, thaum ib tug nruab nrab rau me me alkaline ib puag ncig yog feem ntau zoo dua rau cov ntxhia stability.
Rau cov ntawv thov kev saib xyuas qhov ncauj, cov kws tsim cov tshuaj feem ntau zam cov kua qaub ntau dhau vim tias pH qis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av lossis cov mis tsis ruaj khov. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov zoo tshaj pH ntau yam yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li tag nrho cov mis, hom khoom, preservative system thiab lub hom phiaj daim ntawv thov.
Feem ntau, formulators yuav tsum xav txog:
Qee lub tshuab tsw, botanical extracts, preservatives los yog acids yuav hloov pH. Qhov no yog vim li cas pH yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog ntsuas thaum lub sij hawm thawj batch. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tom qab kuaj kev ruaj ntseg.
Zoo dispersion pib ua ntej cov qauv kawg tiav. Yog hais tias hydroxyapatite hmoov yog ntxiv ncaj qha rau hauv cov mis ua tiav yam tsis muaj qhov ntub dej los yog sib tov, nws yuav tsim cov pob zeb uas nyuaj rau tawg.
Pre-wetting hydroxyapatite nrog rau lub sijhawm ua kua tsim nyog tuaj yeem pab txo qis hmoov av, clumping thiab tsis sib xws. Nyob ntawm cov qauv, cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem ntub cov hmoov ua ntej nrog dej, glycerin, sorbitol lossis lwm theem humectant.
Rau cov chav kuaj me me, cov nyiaj siv ua haujlwm nplawm lossis kev sib xyaw ua haujlwm siab yuav tsum tau ua. Rau kev lag luam batch, homogenization, tswj shear thiab kom zoo ntxiv ceev yuav pab txhim kho dispersion.
Lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau txhawm rau agglomerate yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov qauv qauv lossis tsim cov npuas huab cua ntau dhau.
Hydroxyapatite tuaj yeem ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm dej, theem humectant lossis pre-gel theem nyob ntawm cov qauv. Ntxiv nws lig dhau lawm yuav ua rau kev tawg yooj yim dua, thaum ntxiv nws ntxov dhau tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov dej thickener.
Ib txoj hauv kev ua tau zoo yog sim ntau qhov sib ntxiv thiab sib piv cov tsos, viscosity, particle tis thiab sedimentation.
Kev sib xyaw ua haujlwm siab tuaj yeem ua kom pom huab cua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj txhuam hniav thiab cov qauv gel. Cov npuas huab cua tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev sau, qhov tsos thiab kev ntsuas kev ruaj ntseg. Lub tshuab nqus tsev sib xyaw lossis deaeration tej zaum yuav muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov qauv tsim tawm.
Hydroxyapatite tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom xyaw uas cuam tshuam rau pH, lub zog ionic lossis tus nqi saum npoo. Surfactants, electrolytes, preservatives, flavors, sweeteners thiab thickeners tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev tawg.
Cov mis uas zoo li ruaj khov rau ib hnub tseem yuav sib cais tom qab ib hlis yog tias kev sib raug zoo tsis zoo.

Cov tshuaj txhuam hniav yog ib qho kev siv ntau tshaj plaws rau hydroxyapatite. Piv nrog rau cov tshuaj ntxuav qhov ncauj, cov tshuaj txhuam hniav muaj viscosity ntau dua, uas pab txhawb kev tshem tawm cov particle.
Txawm li cas los xij, tshuaj txhuam hniav tseem muaj ntau qhov kev sib tw ruaj khov:
Rau cov tshuaj txhuam hniav hydroxyapatite, cov qauv tsim yuav tsum sib npaug ntawm cov kab mob abrasive, humectants, thickener, foaming agent, tsw thiab cov ntsiab lus ntxhia.
Cov tshuaj txhuam hniav du yuav tsum disperse hydroxyapatite tusyees yam tsis tau tawm hauv cov xuab zeb qhov ncauj. Qhov no yuav tsum muaj qhov loj me me thiab kev tsim khoom zoo.
Cov tshuaj ntxuav qhov ncauj thiab cov kua hydroxyapatite raug tshem tawm yog qhov nyuaj rau kev ruaj khov vim tias lawv muaj viscosity qis dua li cov tshuaj txhuam hniav.
Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb suav nrog:
Rau cov khoom lag luam no, cov neeg tsim khoom yuav xav tau lub tshuab ua kom zoo zoo. Lub pre-dispersed hydroxyapatite ncua kev kawm ntawv kuj tseem yuav raug txiav txim siab yog tias lub hom phiaj xav tau kev tsim khoom yooj yim dua thiab kev faib tawm ntau dua.
Rau cov khoom siv tshuaj ntxuav qhov ncauj, qhov kawg ntawm kev hnov qab yog qhov tseem ceeb. Lub ncua kev kawm ntawv yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov chalky, hnyav los yog gritty.
Hydroxyapatite kuj tseem siv tau rau hauv qhov ncauj gels, kho hniav gels thiab tshuaj txhuam hniav tsiaj. Cov qauv no feem ntau muaj nruab nrab mus rau siab viscosity, uas pab txo qis sedimentation.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv kev tu tsiaj ntawm qhov ncauj xav tau kev saib xyuas ntxiv. Cov dev thiab miv yuav nqos cov tshuaj txhuam hniav los yog gel thaum siv, yog li txhua yam khoom xyaw yuav tsum raug xaiv rau cov tsiaj tsim nyog. Tib neeg cov tshuaj txhuam hniav yuav tsum tsis txhob muab luam tawm ncaj qha rau cov khoom siv tsiaj.
Rau tsiaj cov tshuaj txhuam hniav thiab cov hniav gels, cov qauv tsim yuav tsum tsom rau:
Hydroxyapatite tuaj yeem txhawb nqa lub tswv yim kev saib xyuas qhov ncauj ntxhia, tab sis tag nrho cov mis yuav tsum raug kuaj rau cov hom phiaj thiab kev lag luam.

Ua ntej tshaj tawm cov kua dej hydroxyapatite, cov khoom lag luam yuav tsum ua qhov kev ntsuas kev ruaj ntseg nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv.
Cov kev ntsuam xyuas pom zoo muaj xws li:
Kos xim, kev ntxhib los mos, theem kev sib cais, pom hais thiab sediment txheej.
Saib xyuas seb cov khoom puas nyob rau lub sijhawm thiab seb cov mis puas tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau yooj yim.
Ntsuas pH ntawm thawj theem thiab tom qab cia nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv.
Taug qab viscosity hloov lub sijhawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov tshuaj txhuam hniav, gel thiab cov khoom raug tshem tawm.
Ntsuas seb hydroxyapatite tseem sib npaug sib npaug los yog tsim cov agglomerates loj.
Txheeb xyuas seb qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv puas cuam tshuam rau kev ntxhib los mos, sib cais lossis rov ua kom tawg.
Khaws cov qauv ntawm qhov kub siab kom pom qhov muaj peev xwm ruaj khov mus ntev.
Txheeb xyuas seb cov mis puas cuam tshuam nrog lub raj, lub raj mis, lub twj tso kua mis lossis lub hau kaw.
Ib tug qauv yuav tsum tau sim tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub lab beaker tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntim.
Rau kev txhim kho cov khoom siv dej, cov khoom siv raw zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tib lub mis yuav ua tau txawv yog tias qib hydroxyapatite hloov.
Thaum xaiv cov khoom siv hydroxyapatite, cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum nug:
Rau cov tuam txhab tshuaj txhuam hniav thiab cov tshuaj ntxuav qhov ncauj, tus neeg muag khoom nrog cov ntawv thov kev paub tuaj yeem txo lub sijhawm txhim kho thiab zam qhov tsis tsim nyog sim-thiab-kev ua yuam kev.
Kev sib ntxiv ceev ceev tuaj yeem tsim cov clumps uas nyuaj rau tawg tom qab.
Cov mis yuav pib ntawm pH txoj cai tab sis hloov tom qab cia.
Ib qho me me uas haum rau cov ntsiav tshuaj chewable yuav tsis haum rau cov tshuaj ntxuav qhov ncauj lossis tshuaj txhuam hniav.
Kev sib xyaw pab cuam tawg, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem daws qhov tsis zoo sib xws lossis tsis muaj zog ncua kev tsim qauv.
Cov qauv kuaj ruaj khov yuav coj txawv txawv hauv lub raj, lub raj mis lossis lub twj tso kua mis.
Cov qauv kev tu tsiaj hauv qhov ncauj yuav tsum tau xaiv cov khoom noj tshwj xeeb thiab kev soj ntsuam kev nyab xeeb.
Hydroxyapatite feem ntau tsis yog siv los ua cov khoom siv soluble tag nrho hauv cov qauv dej. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim raws li dispersed ntxhia hais, yog li kev ncua thiab kev tswj xyuas dispersion yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Hydroxyapatite hais yog denser tshaj dej. Yog tias cov mis tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa txaus, cov khoom yuav maj mam nyob rau hauv qab.
Ib qho nruab nrab rau me me alkaline ib puag ncig feem ntau yog qhov zoo dua li qhov muaj zog acidic. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kawg pH yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li cov qauv ua tiav, hom khoom thiab kev ntsuas kev ruaj ntseg.
Pre-wetting cov hmoov, siv cov khoom sib xyaw kom zoo, xaiv qhov loj me me thiab ntxiv cov tshuaj tshem tawm tuaj yeem pab txhim kho kev tawg.
Nano hydroxyapatite tuaj yeem muab kev ntxhib los mos zoo dua thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm zoo dua hauv qee cov qauv, thaum micro hydroxyapatite yuav haum rau lwm yam kev siv. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog nyob ntawm cov khoom tsim thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
Yog lawm, hydroxyapatite tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav qhov ncauj lossis cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab mob, tab sis sedimentation thiab re-dispersion yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tswj.
Hydroxyapatite muaj peev xwm muaj zog rau tshuaj txhuam hniav, tshuaj ntxuav qhov ncauj, tshuaj pleev qhov ncauj, kev tu tsiaj lub qhov ncauj thiab lwm yam khoom siv hauv qhov ncauj. Txawm li cas los xij, vim hais tias nws coj raws li cov ntxhia hauv cov khoom sib cais es tsis yog cov yaj ua kom nquag plias, cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom ruaj khov.
Sedimentation, pH, particle loj, dispersion txoj kev, viscosity thiab ntim tag nrho cuam tshuam rau qhov kawg khoom zoo. Cov mis hydroxyapatite ruaj khov yuav tsum muaj qib raw khoom zoo, tsim qauv tsim thiab ua tiav kev ntsuas kev ruaj ntseg.
Rau cov lag luam tsim cov tshuaj txhuam hniav hydroxyapatite, tshuaj yaug qhov ncauj, kho hniav gel lossis cov khoom siv dej ncua kev kawm, ua haujlwm nrog tus kws paub txog hydroxyapatite tuaj yeem pab txhim kho kev tsim qauv, txo cov kev pheej hmoo ruaj khov thiab txhawb kev txhim kho cov khoom lag luam.