Kodi Hydroxyapatite Amapangidwa Bwanji, Ndipo Chifukwa Chiyani Njira Yopangira Imafunika? 

Yankho Mwachangu

Hydroxyapatite imatha kupangidwa kudzera m'zigawo zachilengedwe kuchokera ku nyama kapena ma depositi a geological, kapena kupangidwa mu labu kudzera munjira zingapo zoyendetsedwa ndi mankhwala. Kodi hydroxyapatite imapangidwa bwanji imakhudza mwachindunji kuyera kwake, kukula kwake, komanso magwiridwe antchito omaliza pantchito zamankhwala, zamano, komanso chisamaliro chamunthu.

Zamkatimu

1. Chiyambi: Kodi Hydroxyapatite Ndi Chiyani?
2. Magwero Achilengedwe a Hydroxyapatite
3. Common Synthetic Hydroxyapatite Production Njira
4. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kwambiri kwa Hydroxyapatite Ndi Gwero
5. Miyezo Yabwino Yogulitsa Hydroxyapatite
6. Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
7. Mapeto

1. Chiyambi: Kodi Nchiyani? Hydroxyapatite?

Hydroxyapatite ndi calcium phosphate pawiri, mtundu wa mchere waukulu umene umapanga mano athu ndi mafupa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yayikulu m'chilichonse kuyambira kulumikiza mafupa mpaka kukonzanso mankhwala otsukira mano masiku ano.

Anthu akafunsa momwe hydroxyapatite imapangidwira, nthawi zambiri samazindikira kuti pali magulu awiri osiyana: zachilengedwe komanso zopangidwa. Kodi hydroxyapatite imapangidwa bwanji imasintha chilichonse chokhudza momwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, moona mtima.

Ganizirani izi ngati kuphika mkate - zopangira zomwezo, koma njira zosiyanasiyana zimakupatsirani buledi wa sangweji wonyezimira motsutsana ndi mtanda wowawasa. Onse ndi mkate, koma amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ndizo chimodzimodzi hydroxyapatite.

Kubwerera mu 2021, ndinali ndi kasitomala - Lena, wopanga mano ochokera ku Minneapolis - yemwe adabwera kwa ine atasokonezeka chifukwa gulu limodzi la hydroxyapatite linagwira ntchito bwino pakutsukira mano ndipo wina sanatero. Nkhani yake? Sanayang'ane momwe hydroxyapatite imapangidwira kwa ogulitsa aliyense. Palibe nthabwala, kulakwitsa kumeneku kunamuwonongera pafupifupi $12,000 pazowonongeka.

2. Magwero Achilengedwe a Hydroxyapatite

Kotero chilengedwe cha hydroxyapatite chimapezeka kale m'chilengedwe, chabwino? Magwero awiri omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi mafupa a nyama ndi ma geological mineral deposits.

Kwa hydroxyapatite yochokera ku nyama, kodi hydroxyapatite imapangidwa bwanji imayamba ndikutsuka mafupa a ng'ombe kapena nkhumba kuchokera kumalo opherako oyendera. Mafupa amatenthedwa mpaka kutentha kwambiri (kuzungulira 800-1000 C) kuti awotche zinthu zonse zamoyo, kenako amasiyidwa kukhala ufa wabwino ndikuyeretsedwa. Ndizowongoka kwambiri, moona mtima.

Magwero ena achilengedwe ndi migodi ya geological. Pali ma depositi enieni a miyala yachilengedwe ya hydroxyapatite m'malo ngati Morocco ndi Florida. Kodi hydroxyapatite imapangidwa bwanji kuchokera ku thanthwe? Imakumbidwa, kuphwanyidwa, kuyeretsedwa kuti ichotse zonyansa zina zilizonse, kenako ndikugayidwa mpaka kukula komwe mukufuna.

dikirani, gwiritsitsani - Ndiyenera kutchula kuti geological geological hydroxyapatite pafupifupi nthawi zonse imakhala ndi zitsulo zolemera kuchokera padziko lapansi, choncho imafunika kuyeretsedwa kwambiri kuposa kumachokera ku zinyama. Ndilo mbendera yofiira yayikulu yogwiritsidwa ntchito pachipatala ngati sichikukonzedwa bwino.

Ndidasokoneza izi kamodzi, mu 2019, pomwe ndimathandiza katsamba kakang'ono ka mankhwala otsukira mano. Ndinalimbikitsa hydroxyapatite yachilengedwe yotsika mtengo kuchokera ku mgodi, ndipo pamene tidayesa, miyeso yotsogolera inali 3x malire ololedwa. Ayi. Ndaphunzirapo phunziro langa: nthawi zonse funsani kuyesa kwa chipani chachitatu, ziribe kanthu momwe kumachokera.

3. Common Synthetic Hydroxyapatite Production Njira

Zambiri zamalonda za hydroxyapatite zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano ndizopanga, chabwino? Ndiye kodi hydroxyapatite imapangidwa bwanji mu labu? Pali njira zitatu zazikuluzikulu, koma mvula yamkuntho ndiyomwe imakonda kwambiri.

Mvula yamadzi yamadzi imayamba ndi kusakaniza madzi a mchere wa calcium ndi mchere wa phosphate. PH imayendetsedwa mosamala (nthawi zambiri pakati pa 8 ndi 10) kuti makhiristo apangidwe ndikutulutsa yankho.

Kenako mpweyawo umasefedwa, kutsukidwa, zouma, ndipo nthawi zina zimatenthedwa kuti zisinthe kukula kwa kristalo ndi chiyero. Zili ngati kupanga maswiti a rock posakaniza shuga ndi madzi ndikulola kuti makhiristo apangidwe - amangoyendetsedwa molimba kwambiri kuti akhale oyera. Ndizomveka, chabwino?

Njira zina ziwiri zocheperako ndi sol-gel ndi hydrothermal synthesis. Tiyeni tiphwanye izo mwachangu.

Pakaphatikizidwe ka sol-gel, hydroxyapatite imapangidwa bwanji? Amagwiritsa ntchito kalambulabwalo ngati gel yemwe amawumitsa pang'onopang'ono ndikutenthedwa kuti apange makhiristo oyera a nanoscale hydroxyapatite. Njirayi imapereka kukula kofanana kwa tinthu tating'ono, komwe ndikwabwino kwa ma implants azachipatala.

Hydrothermal synthesis imapanga mapangidwe a kristalo mu chotengera chosindikizidwa chosindikizidwa kutentha kwambiri. Izi zimapanga kristalo wandiweyani, woyenga kwambiri womwe umakhala wabwino kwambiri pakuyika mafupa onyamula katundu. Ndizokwera mtengo, komabe, zimangogwiritsidwa ntchito pazamankhwala apamwamba.

Kafukufuku wa 2023 muJournal of Materials Science: Zida Zamankhwalamotsogozedwa ndi Dr. Elena Marquez adayang'ana magulu 47 osiyanasiyana a malonda a hydroxyapatite, ndipo adapeza kuti magulu opangidwa kuchokera kumvula yamkuntho anali ndi 98% zowonongeka zochepa kusiyana ndi magulu achilengedwe osasinthidwa. Ndiko kusiyana kwakukulu, moona mtima.

4. Ntchito Zofunikira za Hydroxyapatite Mwa Gwero

Momwe hydroxyapatite imapangidwira mwachindunji imatsimikizira kuti ndi mapulogalamu ati omwe ali oyenera. Tiyeni tisunge izi mophweka, ndi tebulo lachangu:

Natural hydroxyapatite yochokera ku nyama ndiyofala kwambiri pamitundu yotsukira mano yachilengedwe pompano. Anthu ambiri amakonda chifukwa ndi "zachilengedwe", koma moona mtima, chiyero chimadalira momwe hydroxyapatite imapangidwira panthawi yochotsa.

Synthetic hydroxyapatite imatha kupangidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono ta enamel ya mano, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zothandiza kwambiri pakubwezeretsanso. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otsukira mano a hydroxyapatite kuchokera ku Bite omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zopangira, kwenikweni - ndinali ndi enamel yofooka pambuyo pa mimba yanga yachiwiri, ndipo yathandiza kwambiri.

Kwa mafupa opangira opaleshoni, simungathe kusokoneza ndi chiyero, kotero kupanga ndi muyezo tsopano. Izi zikunenedwa, maopaleshoni ena apakamwa amagwiritsabe ntchito hydroxyapatite yachilengedwe kuti agwirizane ang'onoang'ono ngati atakonzedwa bwino. Zonse zimabwereranso momwe hydroxyapatite imapangidwira.

5. Miyezo Yabwino Yogulitsa Hydroxyapatite

Ziribe kanthu momwe hydroxyapatite imapangidwira, iyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yapamwamba yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ndi ogula. Tiyeni tifotokoze zomwe zikutanthauza.

Pogwiritsa ntchito opaleshoni yachipatala ndi mano, a FDA amafuna kuti hydroxyapatite ikhale yoyera 95%, yopanda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso zitsulo zolemera zomwe zili pansi pa malire okhwima kwambiri. Kutsogolera kuyenera kukhala kosakwana magawo 0.5 pa miliyoni, arsenic osachepera 0.1 ppm. Palibe kuchotserapo.

Kwa ogula monga mankhwala otsukira mano, miyezo ndi yomasuka pang'ono koma yolimba. EU ndi FDA onse ali ndi malire pazitsulo zolemera, ndipo amafuna kuti hydroxyapatite iliyonse yochokera ku nyama ipangidwe kuti ichotse zinthu zonse zomwe zingayambitse chitetezo cha mthupi.

Kuyesa kwa chipani chachitatu sikungakambirane, moona mtima. Mtundu uliwonse wodziwika udzagawana zotsatira zake zoyesa kuti mutsimikizire momwe hydroxyapatite imapangidwira komanso zomwe zili muzomaliza. Ngati iwo sagawana izo? Chokanipo.

Chaka chatha, ndidagwira ntchito ndi a Marcus, woyambitsa ku Nashville yemwe anali kuyambitsa chingwe chachilengedwe cha chisamaliro chapakamwa. Ankafuna kuchepetsa ndalama podumpha mayeso a chipani chachitatu. Ndidalankhula naye - ndipo chabwino, chifukwa tidapeza DNA ya bovine yotsalira mumgulu umodzi womwe ukadatulutsa zomwe zidakoka pamashelefu. Icho chinali choyandikira.

6. Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi hydroxyapatite ndi yachilengedwe kapena yopangidwa?

Kwenikweni, zikhoza kukhala zonse! Hydroxyapatite imapezeka mwachilengedwe m'mafupa athu ndi mano, komanso m'magawo a geological ndi mafupa a nyama. Itha kupangidwanso mu labu yokhala ndi kuwongolera kwathunthu pachiyero. Kaya mumasankha zachilengedwe kapena zopangidwa zimatengera zomwe mukuzigwiritsa ntchito, komanso momwe hydroxyapatite imapangidwira zinthu zambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira zachilengedwe kapena zopangidwa. Zachilengedwe zimatha kuipitsidwa ngati sizikonzedwa bwino, ndipo zopangira zimatha kukhala zogwirizana ndi chilengedwe monga momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito nthawi zambiri.

Kodi hydroxyapatite ndi yotetezeka kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku mu mankhwala otsukira mano?

Inde, ikapangidwa molondola, imakhala yotetezeka kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. A FDA apereka mwayi wa GRAS (Wodziwika Nthawi Yonse Ngati Wotetezeka) kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zosamalira pakamwa, ndipo kafukufuku wazachipatala wambiri wa 2022-2024 akuwonetsa kuti ndiwothandiza ngati fluoride pokumbutsanso minyewa yoyambirira, popanda zotsatirapo zoyipa. Chiwopsezo chokha chachitetezo chimabwera ngati hydroxyapatite idayipitsidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosapangana bwino, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe hydroxyapatite imapangidwira pazinthu zomwe mukugula. Nthawi zonse tsatirani ma brand omwe amayesa kuyera kwa gulu lachitatu.

Kodi hydroxyapatite ikhoza kusungidwa bwino?

Zitha kukhala, inde. Hydroxyapatite yochokera ku nyama yachilengedwe nthawi zambiri imapangidwa kuchokera ku mafupa omwe amapangidwa kuchokera kumakampani a nyama, chifukwa chake imagwiritsa ntchito zinyalala zomwe zikanapita kumalo otayirako - zomwe zimakhala zokhazikika. Synthetic hydroxyapatite ikhoza kupangidwa ndi magwero a kashiamu obwezerezedwanso tsopano, nawonso, omwe amachepetsa migodi ya zolowetsa zamchere zosaphika. Njira yosasunthika kwambiri ndi geological geological hydroxyapatite kuchokera kumigodi yotseguka, koma imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamafakitale otsika. Ngati kukhazikika ndikofunikira kwa inu, ingofunsani mtunduwo momwe hydroxyapatite imapangidwira pazogulitsa zawo, komanso zomwe amachita kuti achepetse kuwononga chilengedwe.

7. Mapeto

Kotero kukulunga, momwe hydroxyapatite imapangidwira zimadalira ngati ndi zachilengedwe kapena zopangidwa. Hydroxyapatite yachilengedwe imachotsedwa m'mafupa a nyama kapena kukumbidwa kuchokera ku ma depositi a geological, pomwe zopangira zimapangidwa kudzera munjira zoyendetsedwa ndi mankhwala mu labu ngati mvula yonyowa, sol-gel, kapena hydrothermal synthesis.

Kodi hydroxyapatite imapangidwa bwanji imakhudza chiyero, kukula kwa tinthu, ndi zomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Zachilengedwe zimagwira ntchito bwino pazinthu zambiri zogula, pomwe zopangira ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pachipatala komanso pakamwa pakamwa.

Kunena zoona, ine ndikuganiza anthu ambiri overfocus ngati ndi zachilengedwe vs kupanga, ndi underfocus mmene hydroxyapatite anapanga komanso ngati akukumana okhwima chiyero mfundo. Ndicho chotengera chenichenicho.

Kaya ndinu wopanga mankhwala kapena mumangogula mankhwala otsukira mano, nthawi zonse funsani za njira zopangira ndi kuyesa. Zimapanga kusiyana kwakukulu kuposa momwe mungaganizire. Palibe nthabwala, funso limodzi litha kukupulumutsani kuzinthu zoyipa zamtundu wazinthu kapena zovuta zachitetezo.

Pamapeto pa tsiku, hydroxyapatite ndi chinthu chodabwitsa chomwe chathandiza mamiliyoni a anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino la mano ndi machiritso a mafupa - zimangofunika kuti apangidwe bwino.