Nigute Hydroxyapatite ikorwa, kandi ni ukubera iki uburyo bwo gutanga umusaruro bufite akamaro? 

Igisubizo cyihuse

Hydroxyapatite irashobora gukorwa binyuze mu kuvoma bisanzwe biva mu nyamaswa cyangwa mu bubiko bwa geologiya, cyangwa bigashyirwa muri laboratoire binyuze mu miti myinshi igenzurwa. Nigute hydroxyapatite ikorwa bigira ingaruka itaziguye mubuziranenge bwayo, ingano yingingo, nibikorwa byanyuma kubuvuzi, amenyo, hamwe nubuvuzi bwihariye.

Imbonerahamwe

1. Iriburiro: Hydroxyapatite ni iki?
2. Inkomoko Kamere ya Hydroxyapatite
3. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora Hydroxyapatite Uburyo bwo Gukora
4. Ibyingenzi Byingenzi bya Hydroxyapatite Kubisoko
5. Ibipimo byiza byubucuruzi Hydroxyapatite
6. Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
7. Umwanzuro

1. Intangiriro: Niki Hydroxyapatite?

Hydroxyapatite ni calcium ya fosifate ya calcium, ubwoko bwimyunyu ngugu nyamukuru igize amenyo yacu n'imiterere y'amagufwa. Byakoreshejwe umwanya munini mubintu byose uhereye kumagufa kugeza kwibutsa amenyo yinyo muriyi minsi.

Iyo abantu babajije uko hydroxyapatite ikorwa, mubisanzwe ntibamenya ko hariho ibyiciro bibiri bitandukanye rwose: karemano na sintetike. Nigute hydroxyapatite yahinduye ibintu byose bijyanye nuburyo ishobora gukoreshwa, mubyukuri.

Bitekerezeho nko guteka umutsima - ibintu bimwe byingenzi, ariko uburyo butandukanye buguha umugati wa sandwich wuzuye vs sourdough yuzuye. Byombi ni umutsima, ariko bikora kubintu bitandukanye rwose. Nibyo rwose hydroxyapatite.

Kera muri 2021, nari mfite umukiriya - Lena, umutunganya amenyo ukomoka muri Minneapolis - waje kunsanga yitiranya impamvu igice kimwe cya hydroxyapatite cyakoraga cyane kumiti yinyo naho ikindi ntigikora. Ikibazo? Ntabwo yagenzuye uko hydroxyapatite ikorwa kuri buri mutanga. Nta rwenya, iryo kosa ryamutwaye hafi $ 12,000 kubicuruzwa byapfushije ubusa.

2. Inkomoko Kamere ya Hydroxyapatite

Noneho hydroxyapatite karemano isanzwe iboneka muri kamere, sibyo? Inkomoko ebyiri zikunze kugaragara ni amagufwa yinyamanswa hamwe nubutaka bwa geologiya.

Kuri hydroxyapatite ikomoka ku nyamaswa, ni gute hydroxyapatite ikorwa itangirana no gukura amagufwa ya bovine asukuye cyangwa amagufwa ya porcine avuye mu ibagiro ryagenzuwe. Amagufa ashyutswe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi (hafi 800-1000 C) kugirango atwike ibintu byose kama, hanyuma ahinduke ifu nziza hanyuma asukure. Nibyiza rwose, mubyukuri.

Andi masoko karemano ni ubucukuzi bwa geologiya. Hano hari ubutunzi nyabwo bwa hydroxyapatite yubutare ahantu nka Maroc na Floride. Nigute hydroxyapatite ikozwe mu rutare? Yacukuwe, irajanjagurwa, isukurwa kugirango ikureho ibindi bintu byose byanduza imyunyu ngugu, hanyuma bisya kugeza ku bunini bwifuzwa.

rindira, komeza - Nkwiye kuvuga ko hydroxyapatite ya geologiya isanzwe hafi ya yose ifite ibyuma biremereye biva kwisi, bityo ikenera inzira yo kwezwa kuruta ibikomoka ku nyamaswa. Iri ni ibendera rinini ritukura ryo gukoresha ubuvuzi niba ridakozwe neza.

Ibi nabyitondeye rimwe, muri 2019, ubwo narimo mfasha ibikoresho bito byerekana amenyo. Nasabye hydroxyapatite isanzwe ihendutse ivuye mu kirombe, kandi igihe twagerageje, urwego rwo kuyobora rwari 3x ntarengwa. Yikes. Wize isomo ryanjye: burigihe usabe ibizamini byabandi, uko byakomoka.

3. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora Hydroxyapatite

Hydroxyapatite yubucuruzi ikoreshwa uyumunsi ni synthique, sibyo? Nigute hydroxyapatite ikorwa muri laboratoire? Hariho uburyo butatu bwingenzi, ariko imvura igwa yimvura nigisanzwe cyane.

Imvura itose yimiti itangirana no kuvanga ibisubizo bishingiye kumazi yumunyu wa calcium hamwe numunyu wa fosifate. PH igenzurwa neza (mubisanzwe hagati ya 8 na 10) kugirango ibone kristu kugirango ikore kandi igwe mubisubizo.

Noneho imvura irayungurura, irakaraba, iruma, kandi rimwe na rimwe irashyuha kugirango ihindure ubunini bwa kirisiti nubuziranenge. Ninko gukora bombo yigitare uvanga isukari namazi hanyuma ukareka kristu ikora - gusa inzira igenzurwa cyane kugirango isukure. Ibyo birumvikana, sibyo?

Ubundi buryo bubiri budasanzwe ni sol-gel hamwe na hydrothermal synthesis. Reka tubice vuba.

Kuri synthesis ya sol-gel, hydroxyapatite ikorwa ite? Ikoresha gel isa na preursor yumye buhoro buhoro kandi ishyushye kugirango ikore kristu ya nanoscale hydroxyapatite. Ubu buryo butanga ingano yingirakamaro rwose, ningirakamaro kubuvuzi.

Hydrothermal synthesis ikora kristu muburyo bwikimenyetso gifunze ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ibi bitanga umubyimba mwinshi cyane, wuzuye-kristu yuzuye itunganijwe neza. Birahenze cyane, nubwo, bikoreshwa gusa murwego rwohejuru rwo kwa muganga.

Ubushakashatsi 2023 muriIkinyamakuru cyibikoresho Ubumenyi: Ibikoresho mubuvuziiyobowe na Dr. Elena Marquez yarebye amatsinda 47 atandukanye ya hydroxyapatite y’ubucuruzi, asanga ibyiciro bya sintetike biva mu mvura itose bifite 98% byanduye ugereranije n’ibisanzwe bidatunganijwe. Iri ni itandukaniro rinini rwose, mubyukuri.

4. Ibyingenzi Byingenzi bya Hydroxyapatite Kubisoko

Nigute hydroxyapatite ikorwa igena neza porogaramu ikwiranye neza. Reka dukomeze ibi byoroshye, hamwe nameza yihuse:

Hydroxyapatite isanzwe ikomoka ku nyamaswa irasanzwe cyane mubirango byinyoza amenyo. Abantu benshi barabikunda kuko "nibisanzwe", ariko mvugishije ukuri, ubuziranenge bushingiye rwose kuburyo hydroxyapatite ikorwa mugihe cyo kuyikuramo.

Hydroxyapatite ya sintetike irashobora gukorwa hamwe nuduce duto twa nanoscale duhuye nu mwobo muto wa microscopique uri mu menyo yinyo, bigatuma rwose bigira akamaro. Nkoresha hydroxyapatite yinyo ya Bite ikoresha synthique, mubyukuri - Nari mfite enamel nkeya nyuma yo gutwita kwa kabiri, kandi ifasha cyane.

Kububiko bwamagufwa yo kubaga, ntushobora kwitiranya nubuziranenge, so synthique rero nibisanzwe ubungubu. Ibyo bivuzwe, bamwe mubaganga babaga mu kanwa baracyakoresha hydroxyapatite karemano kubikorwa bito niba byakozwe neza. Byose bigaruka kuburyo hydroxyapatite ikorwa.

5. Ibipimo byiza byubucuruzi Hydroxyapatite

Nubwo hydroxyapatite yakozwe gute, igomba kuba yujuje ubuziranenge bukomeye bwo gukoresha imiti n’abaguzi. Reka dusenye icyo bivuze mubyukuri.

Mugukoresha ubuvuzi no kuvura amenyo, FDA isaba hydroxyapatite kuba byibuze 95%, hamwe na zeru zanduye zeru hamwe nicyuma kiremereye kiri munsi yimipaka ikabije. Isasu rigomba kuba munsi yibice 0.5 kuri miriyoni, arsenic iri munsi ya 0.1 ppm. Nta na kimwe kidasanzwe.

Kubicuruzwa byabaguzi nka menyo yinyo, ibipimo biroroha gato ariko biracyakomeye. Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi na FDA byombi bifite imipaka ku byuma biremereye, kandi bisaba ko hydroxyapatite ikomoka ku nyamaswa yatunganywa kugira ngo ikureho ibintu byose kama bishobora gutera ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.

Ikizamini cy-igice cya gatatu ntigishobora kuganirwaho, mubyukuri. Ikirangantego cyose kizwi kizagabana ibisubizo byikizamini kugirango ubashe kugenzura uko hydroxyapatite ikorwa nibiri mubicuruzwa byanyuma. Niba batazagabana ibyo? Genda.

Umwaka ushize, nakoranye na Marcus, washinze gutangiza Nashville watangizaga umurongo wo kwita kumanwa. Yashakaga kugabanya ibiciro asiba ikizamini cyabandi. Naganiriye nawe - kandi nibyiza, kuko twasanze ADN isigaye ya bovine mugice kimwe cyaba cyarakuwe mububiko. Iyo yari hafi.

6. Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa

Hydroxyapatite isanzwe cyangwa ikora?

Mubyukuri, birashobora kuba byombi! Hydroxyapatite ibaho bisanzwe mumagufwa yacu namenyo, ndetse no mubutaka bwa geologiya n'amagufwa yinyamaswa. Irashobora kandi guhurizwa muri laboratoire igenzura rwose ubuziranenge. Niba uhisemo karemano cyangwa sintetike biterwa nibyo urimo uyikoresha, kandi nigute hydroxyapatite yakoze ibintu birenze kuba bisanzwe cyangwa sintetike. Kamere irashobora kwanduzwa iyo itunganijwe nabi, kandi sintetike irashobora kuba nkibinyabuzima bihuye nkibisanzwe kubikoresha byinshi.

Hydroxyapatite ifite umutekano kugirango ikoreshwe buri munsi mu menyo yinyo?

Yego, iyo byakozwe neza, ni umutekano rwose kubikoresha buri munsi. FDA yayihaye GRAS (Mubisanzwe bizwi ko ifite umutekano) kugirango ikoreshwe mu bicuruzwa byita ku munwa, kandi ubushakashatsi bw’amavuriro 2022-2024 bwerekana ko ari ingirakamaro nka fluoride yo kongera kwibutsa imyenge yo hambere, nta ngaruka z'uburozi. Gusa ingaruka z'umutekano ziza iyo hydroxyapatite yandujwe nuburyo bubi bwo gukora, niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa cyane kumenya uko hydroxyapatite ikorwa kubicuruzwa ugura. Buri gihe ujye wizirika kumurongo ukora igeragezwa ryabandi.

Hydroxyapatite irashobora guturuka ku buryo burambye?

Birashobora kuba, yego. Hydroxyapatite ikomoka ku nyamaswa isanzwe ikorwa mu magufwa akomoka ku nganda z’inyama, bityo akaba akoresha imyanda ubundi yajya mu myanda - mu byukuri biraramba. Hydroxyapatite ya sintetike irashobora gukorwa hamwe na calcium itunganijwe neza muri iki gihe, nayo igabanya ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro mbisi. Amahitamo make arambye ni hydroxyapatite ya geologiya isanzwe ivuye mu birombe byafunguye, ariko ibyo bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byo mu nganda ziciriritse uko byagenda kose. Niba kuramba ari ngombwa kuri wewe, baza gusa ikirango uburyo hydroxyapatite ikorwa kubicuruzwa byabo, nicyo bakora kugirango bagabanye ingaruka z’ibidukikije.

7. Umwanzuro

Kurangiza rero, nigute hydroxyapatite ikorwa biterwa nibisanzwe cyangwa sintetike. Hydroxyapatite isanzwe ikurwa mu magufa y’inyamaswa cyangwa igacukurwa mu bubiko bwa geologiya, mu gihe synthique ikorwa binyuze mu miti igenzurwa muri laboratoire nk'imvura igwa, sol-gel, cyangwa synthesis ya hydrothermal.

Nigute hydroxyapatite ikorwa igira ingaruka itaziguye, ubunini, nibishobora gukoreshwa. Kamere ikora neza kubicuruzwa byinshi byabaguzi, mugihe synthique nigipimo cya zahabu kubuvuzi no kuvura umunwa cyane.

Mvugishije ukuri, ndatekereza ko abantu benshi barengeje urugero niba ari naturel vs sintetike, hamwe na underfocus kuburyo hydroxyapatite ikorwa kandi niba yujuje ubuziranenge bukomeye. Nibyo byukuri.

Waba uri ibicuruzwa cyangwa umuntu ugura amenyo gusa, burigihe ubaze uburyo bwo gukora no kugerageza. Cyakora itandukaniro rinini kuruta uko wabitekereza. Nta byendagusetsa, icyo kibazo kimwe kirashobora kugukiza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa cyangwa nibibazo byumutekano.

Umunsi urangiye, hydroxyapatite ni ibintu bitangaje bifasha abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni bafite ubuzima bw'amenyo no gukiza amagufwa - ni ngombwa ko biba inzira nziza.