Hydroxyapatite: Igitabo Cyuzuye Cyiciro, Porogaramu, na Data Tekinike 

Waba urimo gukora amenyo mashya yoroheje, gushakisha biomateriali yatewe amagufwa, cyangwa gukora ubushakashatsi kuri sisitemu yo gutanga imiti igezweho, hari uruganda rumwe udashobora kwirengagiza: hydroxyapatite.

Mu myaka yashize, ibi bikoresho bidasanzwe byavuye mubuvanganzo bwa siyansi bujya mubikorwa rusange byubucuruzi. Bitewe n’abaguzi bakeneye ibikoresho byubuvuzi biocompatable hamwe nubuvuzi butagira uburozi, fluoride idafite umunwa, isoko ryisi yose kuriyi minerval iragenda yiyongera vuba.

Kugirango tugufashe kuyobora iyi nyubako igoye, twashize hamwe icyerekezo cyuzuye cyagenewe abategura ibicuruzwa, amatsinda yamasoko, hamwe nabashinzwe inganda. Hasi, twibira cyane mubyo hydroxyapatite mubyukuri aribyo, amanota yubucuruzi atandukanye arahari, ibyingenzi byibanze, ibyiza byingenzi, nibisobanuro bya tekiniki bisanzwe.

Niki Hydroxyapatite?

Muri rusange, hydroxyapatite (mu magambo ahinnye yiswe HAp cyangwa HA) nuburyo busanzwe bwiboneka bwa calcium apatite. Imiti yacyo ni $ Ca_ {10} (PO_ {4}) _ {6} (OH) _ {2} $. Niba ibyo bisa nkiminwa ya chimie, tekereza kuri ubu buryo: nigikorwa cyibanze cyubaka sisitemu ya skeletale yumuntu.

Mubyukuri, hydroxyapatite igizwe na 60% kugeza 70% byuburemere bwamagufwa yabantu hamwe na 97% bitangaje byamenyo yinyo yacu - ibintu bikomeye mumubiri wumuntu. Kuberako imibiri yacu isanzwe itanga kandi ikishingikiriza kuri minerval, verisiyo yubukorikori bwayo ishyirwa mubikorwa nka biomimetike. Iyo byinjijwe mumubiri wumuntu, byaba bikoreshwa cyane kumenyo cyangwa byatewe mumubiri wamagufwa, umubiri ntushobora kumenya ko ari umunyamahanga. Ahubwo, ikubiyemo ibikoresho, itanga uburyo bwo kwishyira hamwe no gusana.

Mu mateka, gukuramo iyi minerval mu masoko karemano byari bigoye kandi bitanga ubuziranenge budahuye. Muri iki gihe, imvura igwa neza hamwe na synthesis ya sol-gel ituma abayikora bakora hydroxyapatite yubukorikori yigana neza imyunyu ngugu ya magufa yabantu, ijyanye nubunini bwuzuye nubunini bwera.

Ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa n'ibisobanuro

Hydroxyapatite yose ntabwo yaremewe kimwe. Igikorwa cyo gukora kigena ingano yubunini, morphologie, nubuziranenge bwifu yanyuma, nayo isobanura urwego rwubucuruzi. Guhitamo icyiciro gikwiye ningirakamaro mugukurikiza amabwiriza no gukora neza.

1. Icyiciro cyubuvuzi (Implantable)

Uru nirwo rwego rwo hejuru kandi rugenzurwa cyane. Hydroxyapatite yo mu rwego rwubuvuzi igomba kwerekana ubuziranenge buhebuje hamwe na Kalisiyumu-kuri-Fosifore (Ca / P) ingana na 1.67, ihuye neza n’amagufwa karemano. Ikorerwa ibizamini bikomeye kugirango byanduze ibyuma biremereye, cytotoxicity, na endotoxine ya bagiteri. Uzasangamo iki cyiciro cyakoreshejwe mumagufwa yuzuye yuzuye, spinal fusion scaffolds, kandi nka bioactive coating ya titanium orthopedic hamwe no gutera amenyo.

2. Kwita kumunwa hamwe nicyiciro cyo kwisiga

Iyobowe ahanini nisoko ryiza ryiza kandi ryiza kumasoko, iki cyiciro cyashyizwe mubikorwa byingenzi. Icyiciro gikunzwe cyane hano ni nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp). Kuberako ibibyimba by'amenyo (utuntu duto duto mu menyo yawe) ari microscopique, ibice bigomba guhindurwa kugeza kuri nano-nini (mubisanzwe hagati ya nanometero 20 kugeza kuri 60) kugirango bishobore kwinjira mumubiri no kuzuza ibyo bibanza. Irakoreshwa cyane mumyanya yinyo yinyo, kwoza umunwa, kandi rimwe na rimwe mukuvura uruhu nkibikoresho bikurura amavuta, byoroshye-kwibanda.

3. Ubushakashatsi na Chromatography Icyiciro

Byakoreshejwe cyane muri laboratoire, iki cyiciro cyateguwe kubisesengura siyanse. Ibice bya hydroxyapatite ya sherfike bifite ubuso bwihariye bwo hejuru, bigatuma ibyiciro bihagaze neza muburyo bwa chromatografiya. Abahanga mu binyabuzima bakoresha iki cyiciro mu gutandukanya no kweza poroteyine zigoye, enzymes, na acide nucleic ukurikije uburyo izo molekile z’ibinyabuzima zihuza cyane na calcium na fosifate hejuru y’ubutaka.

Ibyingenzi

Imiterere yihariye ya biomimetike ya hydroxyapatite yafunguye ibintu bitandukanye mubikorwa bitandukanye.

Kuvura umunwa no kuvura amenyo

Nibishobora kuvugwa ko urwego rwubucuruzi rwiyongera cyane mumabuye y'agaciro. Mugihe abaguzi bagenda bashakisha ubundi buryo bwa fluoride gakondo, hydroxyapatite yagaragaye nkurwego rwa zahabu rwo kuvura amenyo. Iyo yogejwe kumenyo, uduce duto twa nano duhuza neza na emam, twuzuza ibishushanyo bya microscopique hamwe nuduce. Ubu buryo ntabwo bukingira gusa imitsi yagaragaye - bigabanya cyane ibyiyumvo byinyo - ahubwo binasiga amenyo asa neza neza, glossier, na cyera adakoresheje imiti ikarishye yimiti.

Imyororokere hamwe n'amagufwa

Mububiko bwubaka, gukosora inenge zikomeye zamagufwa bisaba ibikoresho bishobora gushyigikira imikurire mishya. Hydroxyapatite ikora nka osteoconductive scafold. Iyo ipakiye mu cyuho cyamagufwa, itanga urwego rwumubiri rwumurwayi wamagufa yumubiri (osteoblasts) kwomeka, kwiyongera, no kurambika matrike nshya. Igihe kirenze, hydroxyapatite yuzuye cyane isubizwa buhoro buhoro numubiri kandi igasimburwa rwose namagufwa nzima.

Sisitemu Yambere yo Gutanga Ibiyobyabwenge

Kubera ko hydroxyapatite yubukorikori ishobora guhindurwa kugirango ibe nziza cyane, abashakashatsi barayikoresha cyane nk'itwara ryo gutanga ibiyobyabwenge. Imyunyu ngugu irashobora kuba irimo antibiyotike, imiti igabanya ubukana, cyangwa imiti ya chimiotherapeutique. Iyo bimaze guterwa ahantu ho kubaga (nk'ahantu hakurwaho ibibyimba byo mu magufa), bitanga irekurwa ryihuse, ryaho, kandi rirambye ryimiti nkuko minerval igenda isenyuka, bikagabanya ingaruka mbi.

Inyungu Zibanze

Kuki abashinzwe ibicuruzwa ninzobere mubuvuzi bahora bahitamo ibi bikoresho kurenza izindi bioceramics cyangwa polymrike ya synthique? Igisubizo kiri mubyiza bine byingenzi:

• Ibinyabuzima bidasanzwe biocompatibilité: Kuberako isangiye imiterere nyayo yimiti yamagufa yumuntu hamwe na emamel, itera hafi-zero inflammatory cyangwa immunologue immunité iyo yinjijwe mumubiri.

• Osteoconductivity: Ntabwo yicaye gusa mu mubiri; ishishikarizwa cyane guhuza ibinyabuzima, ikuraho icyuho kiri hagati yatewe nubukorikori busanzwe.

• Umwirondoro w’umutekano udafite uburozi: Bitandukanye na chimique zimwe na zimwe zikoreshwa mu kwisiga no kuvura amenyo, ntabwo ari uburozi rwose. Niba yamizwe (impungenge rusange hamwe nu menyo wabana w amenyo), ihita ishonga muri calcium itagira ingaruka na ion ya fosifate muri acide yigifu.

• Kwibutsa mu buryo butaziguye: Mugihe ubundi buvuzi bubuza demineralisation, hydroxyapatite yubaka cyane ingirabuzimafatizo itanga minerval nyayo amenyo namagufa agomba kwisana.

Umwirondoro wa Tekiniki

Kubashinzwe imiti naba bashinzwe gutanga amasoko, ibisobanuro nyabyo bifite akamaro. Mugihe synthesis yihariye ihora ihitamo, ifu isanzwe yubuvuzi / Umunwa wo mu bwoko bwa hydroxyapatite ifu igomba guhuza nibice bya tekiniki bikurikira:

• Kugaragara: Ifu nziza, yera, impumuro nziza

• Imiterere ya Crystal: Sisitemu ya mpande esheshatu

• Imiti yimiti: $ Ca_ {10} (PO_ {4}) _ {6} (OH) _ {2} $

• Ikigereranyo cya Mo / P: 1.66 - 1.68 (Kwibanda ku nyigisho 1.67)

• Isuku / Suzuma: ≥ 99.0%

• Ingano y'ibice (D50): * Nano Grade: 20 nm - 60 nm

  • Icyiciro cya Micro: 1 mm - 10 mm

• pH Agaciro (5% guhagarika amazi): 6.5 - 8.0

• Gutakaza Kuma: ≤ 2.0%

• Imipaka iremereye:

  • Kuyobora (Pb): <1.0 ppm

  • Arsenic (As): <1.0 ppm

  • Mercure (Hg): <0.1 ppm

  • Cadmium (Cd): <0.5 ppm

Ibibazo: Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa

Q1: Nigute hydroxyapatite igereranya na fluor muri menyo yinyo?

Mugihe byombi birinda imyenge, uburyo bwabo buratandukanye rwose. Fluoride ikorana n'amacandwe kugirango ikore inzitizi hejuru y amenyo yitwa fluorapatite, irwanya cyane ibitero bya aside. Hydroxyapatite, kurundi ruhande, ikora nkibikoresho bisimburwa bitaziguye. Yuzuza umubiri mumyobo ya microscopique hamwe namabuye yabuze muri enamel. Ibikorwa byinshi bigezweho ubu bihuza byombi kugirango birinde cyane, nubwo hydroxyapatite itoneshwa cyane nabashaka amahitamo ya fluoride.

Q2: Nano-hydroxyapatite ifite umutekano gukoresha buri munsi? Bizinjira mumaraso yanjye?

Nibyo, bifatwa nkumutekano ninzego zishinzwe kugenzura isi kugirango ikoreshwe burimunsi kwisiga no kuvura umunwa. Mugihe ibice bifite ubunini bwa nano, bikunda cyane guhuriza hamwe (guhurira hamwe) muburyo bwo gukora. Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, niba byatewe kubwimpanuka, nano-ibice byangirika cyane mubidukikije. Zimeneka vuba muri aside igifu muri calcium yibanze ya calcium na fosifore, birinda ibyago byose byuburozi bwa selile cyangwa kwirundanya kwingingo.

Q3: Hydroxyapatite irashobora kwera amenyo koko?

Nibyo, ariko ntabwo muburyo bumwe peroxide ikora. Imiti ya chimique ihindura imyanda imbere yinyo. Hydroxyapatite ikora nkigarura ryumubiri. Mu kuzuza micro-abrasions hamwe nuduce twinshi hejuru ya emamel, bituma iryinyo ryerekana cyane kandi ryoroshye. Uku kwiyongera kwurumuri rutanga isura igaragara yumwenyura urabagirana, wera, kandi ufite ubuzima bwiza udafite imitekerereze yumutima akenshi iterwa no guhumanya imiti.