Hydroxyapatite Inogadzirwa Sei, uye Nei Iyo Nzira Yekugadzira Iine Basa? 

Quick Mhinduro

Hydroxyapatite inogona kugadzirwa kuburikidza nekutorwa kwechisikigo kubva kumhuka kunobva kana geological deposits, kana kugadzirwa murabhoritari kuburikidza akati wandei anodzorwa makemikari maitiro. Iyo hydroxyapatite inogadzirwa sei inokanganisa kuchena kwayo, saizi yechikamu, uye kuita kwekupedzisira kwekushandisa kwekurapa, mazino, uye ega ega.

Zviri Mukati

1. Nhanganyaya: Chii chinonzi Hydroxyapatite?
2. Natural Sources yeHydroxyapatite
3. Yakajairwa Synthetic Hydroxyapatite Kugadzira Nzira
4. Mashandisirwo Akakosha eHydroxyapatite By Source
5. Hunhu Huyero hweCommerce Hydroxyapatite
6. Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
7. Mhedziso

1. Nhanganyaya: Chii Hydroxyapatite?

Hydroxyapatite ndeye calcium phosphate musanganiswa, rudzi rwechicherwa chikuru chinoita mazino edu uye chimiro chemapfupa. Inoshandiswa nguva huru mune zvese kubva pamapfupa ekubatanidza kusvika pakurangarira mushonga wemazino mazuva ano.

Kana vanhu vakabvunza kuti hydroxyapatite inogadzirwa sei, kazhinji havazive kuti kune zvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana: zvakasikwa uye zvekugadzira. Ko hydroxyapatite yakaitwa sei inoshandura zvese nezve mashandisirwo ayo, kutendeseka.

Funga nezvayo sekubika chingwa - zvakangofanana zvinongedzo, asi nzira dzakasiyana dzinokupa fluffy sandwich loaf vs dense sourdough. Ose ari maviri chingwa, asi anoshandira zvinhu zvakasiyana zvachose. Ndizvo chaizvo hydroxyapatite.

Kudzoka muna 2021, ndaive nemutengi - Lena, mugadziri wezvigadzirwa zvemazino kubva kuMinneapolis - akauya kwandiri akavhiringika kuti sei batch yehydroxyapatite yakashanda zvakanaka kune mushonga wemazino uye imwe isingaite. Nyaya yacho? Haana kutarisa kuti hydroxyapatite inogadzirwa sei kune mumwe nemumwe mutengesi. Kwete jee, kukanganisa ikoko kwakamutorera mari inosvika zviuru gumi nezviviri zvemadhora muchigadzirwa chakaraswa.

2. Natural Sources yeHydroxyapatite

Saka yakasikwa hydroxyapatite yatowanikwa mune zvakasikwa, handiti? Iwo maviri anonyanya kuwanikwa masosi mapfupa emhuka uye geological mineral deposits.

Kune mhuka-yakabva kumhuka hydroxyapatite, hydroxyapatite inogadzirwa sei inotanga nekucheneswa bovine kana porcine mapfupa kubva kunoongororwa kuuraya. Mabhonzo anopisa kusvika kumazinga ekupisa (akapoteredza 800-1000 C) kuti apise zvinhu zvose zvehupenyu, ozogayiwa kuva poda yakanaka uye akanatswa. Zviri nyore chaizvo, chokwadi.

Imwe nzvimbo yakasikwa ndeye geological mining. Kune chaiwo madhipoziti echisikigo hydroxyapatite dombo munzvimbo dzakaita seMorocco neFlorida. Ko hydroxyapatite inogadzirwa sei kubva padombo? Iyo inocherwa, yakapwanyika, inocheneswa kubvisa chero imwe mineral inosvibisa, yobva yanyungudutswa kune yaidiwa particle size.

mira, batisisa - ndinofanira kutaura kuti natural geological hydroxyapatite inenge inogara iine simbi inorema kubva pasi, saka inoda nzira yekucheneswa pane inotorwa nemhuka. Ndiyo mureza mutsvuku wekushandiswa kwekurapa kana usina kugadziriswa nemazvo.

Ndakakanganisa izvi kamwe, kumashure muna 2019, pandakanga ndichibatsira chidiki chemazino emhando sosi yezvigadzirwa. Ini ndakakurudzira yakachipa yakasikwa hydroxyapatite kubva kumugodhi, uye patakaiedza, nhanho dzekutungamira dzaive 3x muganho unobvumidzwa. Yikes. Ndakadzidza chidzidzo changu: gara uchikumbira kuongororwa kwevechitatu, zvisinei kuti inotorwa sei.

3. Common Synthetic Hydroxyapatite Production Methods

Yakawanda yekutengesa hydroxyapatite inoshandiswa nhasi ndeyekugadzira, handiti? Saka hydroxyapatite inogadzirwa sei murabhoritari? Pane nzira nhatu huru, asi kunyorova kwemakemikari kunaya ndiyo yakanyanya kuwanda.

Kunaya kwemakemikari emvura kunotanga nekusanganisa mvura-based solutions yecalcium salt uye phosphate salt. Iyo pH inonyatso kudzorwa (kazhinji pakati pe8 ne10) kuita kuti makristasi aumbe uye abude kunze kwemhinduro.

Ipapo iyo precipitate inosefa, yakashambidzwa, yakaomeswa, uye dzimwe nguva inopisa kugadzirisa saizi yekristaro uye kuchena. Zvakafanana nekugadzira chihwitsi chedombo nekusanganisa shuga nemvura uye kurega makristasi achiumba - inongodzorwa nenzira yakasimba kune kuchena. Izvozvo zvine musoro, handiti?

Dzimwe nzira mbiri dzisina kujairika ndeye sol-gel uye hydrothermal synthesis. Ngatiparadze avo nekukurumidza.

Kune sol-gel synthesis, hydroxyapatite inogadzirwa sei? Inoshandisa gel-senge precursor inoomeswa zvishoma nezvishoma uye inopisa kuti igadzire yakachena nanoscale hydroxyapatite makristasi. Iyi nzira inopa yakanyatsoenderana saizi, iyo yakanaka kune yekurapa maimplants.

Hydrothermal synthesis inoita iyo kristaro kuumbwa mumudziyo wakavharwa wakadzvanywa pakupisa kwakanyanya. Izvi zvinogadzira dense chaiyo, yakakwirira-kuchena makristasi ayo akakwana kune inotakura-inotakura bhonzo grafts. Iyo inodhura zvakanyanya, zvakadaro, saka inongoshandiswa kune yakakwirira-yekupedzisira zvikumbiro zvekurapa.

Chidzidzo che2023 muNyaya yeZvinhu Sayenzi: Zvishandiso muMishongaakatungamirirwa naDr. Elena Marquez akatarisa 47 yakasiyana-siyana yekutengesa hydroxyapatite batches, uye akawana kuti mabheji ekugadzira kubva kumvura yakanyorova aiva ne98% zvishoma zvakasvibiswa pane zvisingagadziriswi mabheti echisikigo. Ndiwo musiyano mukuru kwazvo, chokwadi.

4. Key Applications yeHydroxyapatite By Source

Iyo hydroxyapatite inogadzirwa sei zvakananga inosarudza kuti ndeapi maapplication ayo anonyatso kufanira. Ngatichengetedzei izvi zviri nyore, netafura inokurumidza:

Natural hydroxyapatite kubva kumhuka sosi yakajairika mumhando yemazino emazino izvozvi. Vanhu vazhinji vanozvifarira nekuti "zvakasikwa", asi chokwadi, kuchena kunoenderana nekuti hydroxyapatite inogadzirwa sei panguva yekubvisa.

Synthetic hydroxyapatite inogona kugadzirwa nenanoscale particles inokwana mumakomba madiki madiki mune mazino enamel, izvo zvinoita kuti inyatso shanda pakudzokorora. Ndinoshandisa hydroxyapatite mazino emazino kubva kuBite anoshandisa synthetic, chaizvoizvo - ndakanga ndine enamel isina simba mushure mekuita pamuviri wangu wechipiri, uye yakabatsira zvikuru.

Zvekuvhiya mapfupa ekubatanidza, haugone kukanganisa nekuchena, saka synthetic ndiyo chiyero ikozvino. Izvo zviri kutaurwa, vamwe vanachiremba vemuromo vachiri kushandisa yakasikwa hydroxyapatite kune madiki magraft kana akagadziriswa nemazvo. Izvo zvese zvinodzoka kune kuti hydroxyapatite inogadzirwa sei.

5. Quality Standards for Commercial Hydroxyapatite

Hazvina mhosva kuti hydroxyapatite inogadzirwa sei, inofanirwa kusangana neyakaomesesa yemhando zviyero zvekurapa uye kushandiswa kwevatengi. Ngatitaurei kuti zvinorevei chaizvo.

Pakurapa uye kushandiswa kwemazino ekuvhiya, iyo FDA inoda kuti hydroxyapatite ive 95% yakachena, iine zero utachiona hunoonekwa uye huremu hwesimbi pasi pemiganhu yakasimba. Mutobvu unofanirwa kunge uri pasi pe 0.5 zvikamu pamiriyoni, arsenic isingasviki 0.1 ppm. Hapana kunze.

Kune zvigadzirwa zvevatengi senge mushonga wemazino, zviyero zvakati dzikamei asi zvichiri kusimba. Iyo EU neFDA zvese zvine miganhu pasimbi inorema, uye inoda kuti chero mhuka-inotorwa hydroxyapatite igadziriswe kubvisa zvese organic zvinhu zvinogona kukonzera immune reaction.

Chechitatu-bato kuyedzwa hakugone kutaurirana, kutendeseka. Chero mhando ine mukurumbira ichagovera mhedzisiro yavo yebvunzo kuti iwe ugone kuona kuti hydroxyapatite inogadzirwa sei uye chii chiri muchigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Kana vasingagovere izvozvo? Famba uende.

Gore rapfuura, ndakashanda naMarcus, muvambi wekutanga muNashville aive achiparura mutsara wekuchengeta nemuromo. Aida kuderedza mari nekusvetuka denderedzwa rechitatu-bato bvunzo. Ndakataura naye kubva pazviri - uye chinhu chakanaka, nekuti takawana yakasara bovine DNA mune rimwe batch ingadai yakawana chigadzirwa chakadhonzwa kubva mumasherufu. Ndiyo yaive yepedyo.

6. Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Iyo hydroxyapatite yakasikwa kana yakagadzirwa?

Chaizvoizvo, zvinogona kuva zvose! Hydroxyapatite inoitika zvakasikwa mumapfupa edu nemeno, pamwe chete mune geological deposits uye mapfupa emhuka. Inogona zvakare kugadzirwa murabhoritari ine yakazara kutonga pamusoro pekuchena. Kunyangwe iwe ukasarudza zvisikwa kana zvekugadzira zvinoenderana nezvauri kuishandisa, uye sei hydroxyapatite yakaitwa zvakanyanya kupfuura kungoti ndeye yakasikwa kana yekugadzira. Zvisikwa zvinogona kusvibiswa kana zvikaitwa zvisina kunaka, uye zvekugadzira zvinogona kungoita biocompatible semasikirwo ekushandiswa kwakawanda.

Ko hydroxyapatite yakachengeteka kushandiswa kwezuva nezuva mumucheka wemazino?

Hongu, kana ikagadzirwa nemazvo, yakachengeteka zvachose kushandiswa kwezuva nezuva. Iyo FDA yakapa GRAS (Inowanzozivikanwa seYakachengeteka) chimiro chekushandiswa muzvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza zvemuromo, uye akawanda 2022-2024 zvidzidzo zvekiriniki zvinoratidza kuti inoshanda sefluoride yekuyeuchidza makomba ekutanga, isina chepfu. Iyo chete njodzi yekuchengetedza inouya kana iyo hydroxyapatite yakasvibiswa kubva kune isina kunaka maitiro ekugadzira, ndosaka zvakakosha kuziva kuti hydroxyapatite inogadzirwa sei kune chigadzirwa chauri kutenga. Gara wakanamatira kune mabhureki anoita yechitatu-bato kuchena bvunzo.

Ko hydroxyapatite inogona kucheneswa zvakachengetedzeka here?

Zvinogona kudaro, hongu. Mhuka-yakabva kumhuka yehydroxyapatite inowanzogadzirwa kubva kumapfupa ayo ari byproduct yeindasitiri yenyama, saka iri kushandisa marara yaizoenda kunoraswa - izvo zvinonyatso gadzikana. Synthetic hydroxyapatite inogona kugadzirwa neyakadzokororwa karusiyamu masosi izvozvi, zvakare, iyo inodzikisira pamigodhi yemaminerari ekupinza. Sarudzo yakasarudzika ndeye geological geological hydroxyapatite kubva kune yakavhurika-gomba migodhi, asi iyo inonyanya kushandiswa kune yakaderera-magumo maindasitiri ekushandisa zvakadaro. Kana kugadzikana kwakakosha kwauri, ingobvunza mhando kuti hydroxyapatite inogadzirwa sei kune chigadzirwa chavo, uye zvavanoita kudzikisa kukanganisa kwavo kwezvakatipoteredza.

7. Mhedziso

Saka kuputira, kuti hydroxyapatite inogadzirwa sei zvinoenderana nekuti ndeyechisikigo here kana kuti yakagadzirwa. Natural hydroxyapatite inotorwa kubva mumapfupa emhuka kana kucherwa kubva kugeological deposits, nepo synthetic inogadzirwa kuburikidza neinodzorwa kemikari maitiro mulabhu senge kunaya kwemvura, sol-gel, kana hydrothermal synthesis.

Iyo hydroxyapatite inogadzirwa sei inokanganisa kuchena, saizi yechikamu, uye kuti ingashandisei. Zvisikwa zvinoshanda nemazvo kune zvakawanda zvigadzirwa zvevatengi, nepo synthetic ndiyo chiyero chegoridhe chekurapa uye chepamusoro-chiitwa chepamusoro chekuchengetedza nemuromo kushandiswa.

Kutendeseka, ini ndinofunga vanhu vazhinji vanonyanya kutarisisa pamusoro pekuti ndeyechisikigo vs synthetic, uye underfocus pamusoro pekuti hydroxyapatite inogadzirwa sei uye kuti inosangana neyakaomarara kuchena zviyero. Ndiko kutora chaiko.

Kunyangwe iwe uri mugadziri wechigadzirwa kana munhu ari kutenga mushonga wemazino, gara uchibvunza nezve nzira dzekugadzira uye kuyedzwa. Zvinoita mutsauko mukuru pane zvaungafunga. Hapana joke, iwo mubvunzo mumwe chete unogona kukuchengetedza kubva kune yakaipa chigadzirwa mhando kana kunyangwe nyaya dzekuchengetedza.

Pakupera kwezuva, hydroxyapatite chinhu chinoshamisa chakabatsira mamirioni avanhu vane hutano hwemazino uye kuporesa kwemapfupa - zvinongokosha kuti zvakaitwa nenzira kwayo.