Yenziwa njani iHydroxyapatite, kwaye kutheni iMveliso ibalulekile? 

Impendulo eKhawulezayo

IHydroxyapatite inokwenziwa ngokutsalwa kwendalo kwimithombo yezilwanyana okanye kwidiphozithi yejoloji, okanye idityaniswe elebhu ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezininzi zeekhemikhali ezilawulwayo. Yenziwa njani i-hydroxyapatite ichaphazele ngokuthe ngqo ubunyulu bayo, ubungakanani bamasuntswana, kunye nokusebenza kokugqibela kunyango, amazinyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kokhathalelo lomntu.

Isiqulatho

1. Intshayelelo: Yintoni iHydroxyapatite?
2. Imithombo yendalo yeHydroxyapatite
3. Iindlela zoMveliso ze-Synthetic Hydroxyapatite eziqhelekileyo
4. Izicelo eziphambili zeHydroxyapatite ngoMthombo
5. Imigangatho yoMgangatho weHydroxyapatite yoRhwebo
6. Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo
7. Ukuqukumbela

1. Intshayelelo: Yintoni Hydroxyapatite?

I-Hydroxyapatite yi-calcium phosphate compound, uhlobo lweminerali ephambili eyenza amazinyo ethu kunye nesakhiwo samathambo. Isetyenziswe ixesha elikhulu kuyo yonke into ukusuka ekufakeni amathambo ukukhumbuza intlama yamazinyo kule mihla.

Xa abantu bebuza ukuba yenziwa njani i-hydroxyapatite, abadli ngokuqaphela ukuba kukho iindidi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: ezendalo kunye nezokwenziwa. Yenziwa njani i-hydroxyapatite itshintshe yonke into malunga nendlela enokusetyenziswa ngayo, ngokunyanisekileyo.

Yicinge njengokubhaka isonka-izithako ezingundoqo ezifanayo, kodwa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zikunika isonka sesandwich esimfumamfuma ngokuchasene nentlama emuncu. Zombini zisonka, kodwa zisebenzela izinto ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. Yiyo kanye i-hydroxyapatite.

Emuva ngo-2021, bendinomthengi - uLena, umenzi wemveliso yamazinyo ovela eMinneapolis - oweza kum edidekile ukuba kutheni enye ibhetshi ye-hydroxyapatite isebenze kakuhle kwintlama yamazinyo kwaye enye ayisebenzi. Ingxaki? Akakhange ajonge ukuba yenziwa njani na i-hydroxyapatite kumthengisi ngamnye. Hayi intlekisa, loo mpazamo yamxabisa phantse i-12,000 yeedola kwimveliso echithiweyo.

2. Imithombo yendalo yeHydroxyapatite

Ngoko i-hydroxyapatite yendalo sele ifunyenwe kwindalo, akunjalo? Eyona mithombo mibini ixhaphakileyo ngamathambo ezilwanyana kunye neediphozithi zeminerali yejoloji.

Kwi-hydroxyapatite yendalo ephuma kwisilwanyana, yenziwa njani i-hydroxyapatite iqala ngokucoca i-bovine okanye amathambo ehagu ukusuka kwiindawo zokuxhela ezihloliweyo. Amathambo afudunyezwa kubushushu obuphezulu (malunga ne-800-1000 C) ukutshisa yonke into ephilayo, emva koko igalelwe ibe ngumgubo ocolekileyo kwaye uhlanjululwe. Ichaneke kakhulu, ngokunyanisekileyo.

Omnye umthombo wendalo kukumbiwa komhlaba. Kukho iidiphozithi zokwenyani zelitye le-hydroxyapatite yendalo kwiindawo ezinjengeMorocco neFlorida. Yenziwa njani i-hydroxyapatite kwilitye? Igayiwe, icolile, ihlanjululwe ukususa nayiphi na enye i-mineral contaminents, emva koko igalelwe ubungakanani obufunwayo.

linda, ubambe - kufuneka ndikhankanye ukuba i-geological geological hydroxyapatite iphantse yahlala inomkhondo wesinyithi onzima ukusuka emhlabeni, ngoko ke ifuna ukusulungekiswa ngakumbi kunento eyenziwa sisilwanyana. Leyo yiflegi enkulu ebomvu yokusetyenziswa kwezonyango ukuba ayilungiswanga ngokuchanekileyo.

Ndiyiphoxile le nto kanye, ngo-2019, xa bendincedisa indawo encinci yemveliso yentlama yamazinyo. Ndincoma i-hydroxyapatite yendalo eshibhile esuka kumgodi, kwaye xa siyivavanya, amanqanaba okukhokela ayengama-3x umda ovunyelweyo. Ewe. Ndifunde isifundo sam: soloko ucela uvavanyo lomntu wesithathu, nokuba lufunyenwe njani.

3. Iindlela zoMveliso ze-Synthetic Hydroxyapatite eziqhelekileyo

Uninzi lwe-hydroxyapatite yorhwebo esetyenziswayo namhlanje yenziwe, akunjalo? Ke i-hydroxyapatite yenziwa njani kwilebhu? Zintathu iindlela eziphambili, kodwa imvula yekhemikhali emanzi yeyona ixhaphakileyo.

Imvula yekhemikhali emanzi iqala ngokuxuba izisombululo ezisekelwe emanzini kwiityuwa ze-calcium kunye neetyuwa zephosphate. I-pH ilawulwa ngokucophelela (ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-8 kunye ne-10) ukufumana i-crystals ukuba yenze kwaye ikhuphe ngaphandle kwesisombululo.

Emva koko i-precipitate iyahluzwa, ihlanjwe, yomiswe, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ifudunyezwe ukulungisa ubungakanani bekristale kunye nobunyulu. Kufana nokwenza i-rock candy ngokuxuba iswekile kunye namanzi kunye nokuvumela iikristale ukuba zenzekile-ilawulwa ngendlela engqongqo ngakumbi yokucoceka. Oko kuyavakala, akunjalo?

Ezinye iindlela ezimbini ezingaxhaphakanga kangako yi-sol-gel kunye ne-hydrothermal synthesis. Masiziqhawule ngokukhawuleza ezo zinto.

Kwi-sol-gel synthesis, yenziwa njani i-hydroxyapatite? Isebenzisa isandulela esifana nejeli esomiswa kancinane kwaye sifudunyezwe ukwenza iikristale ezisulungekileyo ze-nanoscale hydroxyapatite. Le ndlela inika ubungakanani obungaguquguqukiyo besuntswana, obulungele ukufakelwa kwezonyango.

I-Hydrothermal synthesis yenza ukwakheka kwekristale kwinqanawa etywiniweyo ecinezelekileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Oku kuvelisa iikristale ezixineneyo ngokwenene, ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezilungele ukuxhunyelelwa kwamathambo athwele umthwalo. Ibiza kakhulu, nangona kunjalo, ngoko isetyenziselwa kuphela izicelo zonyango eziphezulu.

Uphononongo luka-2023 kwiIjenali yeSayensi yeMathiriyeli: Izixhobo kuNyangoekhokelwa nguDkt. Elena Marquez ujonge kwiibhetshi ze-hydroxyapatite ezahlukeneyo ze-47 zentengiso, kwaye wafumanisa ukuba iibhetshi zokwenziwa ezivela kwimvula emanzi zine-98% ezingcolisekileyo ezincinci kuneebhetshi zendalo ezingalungiswanga. Lowo ngumahluko omkhulu kakhulu, ngokunyanisekileyo.

4. Izicelo eziphambili zeHydroxyapatite ngoMthombo

Yenziwa njani i-hydroxyapatite imisela ngokuthe ngqo ukuba zeziphi izicelo ezizilungeleyo. Masigcine oku kulula, ngetafile ekhawulezayo:

I-hydroxyapatite yendalo evela kwimithombo yezilwanyana ixhaphake kakhulu kwiimpawu zendalo zokuxutywa kwamazinyo ngoku. Abantu abaninzi bayayikhetha kuba "yendalo", kodwa ngokunyanisekileyo, ukucoceka kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwindlela eyenziwa ngayo i-hydroxyapatite ngexesha lokukhutshwa.

I-Synthetic hydroxyapatite inokwenziwa ngamasuntswana e-nanoscale angena kwimingxunya emincinci emincinci kwi-enamel yezinyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba isebenze ngokwenene ukubuyisela i-remineralization. Ndisebenzisa i-hydroxyapatite toothpaste esuka kwi-Bite esebenzisa i-synthetic, ngokwenene - ndibe ne-enamel ebuthakathaka emva kokukhulelwa kwam okwesibini, kwaye kuncede kakhulu.

Ukufakela amathambo otyando, awukwazi ukuphazamisa ngobunyulu, ngoko ke i-synthetic ingumgangatho ngoku. Oko kuthethwa, abanye oogqirha bogqirha bomlomo basasebenzisa i-hydroxyapatite yendalo kwi-grafts encinci ukuba iqhutywe ngokufanelekileyo. Yonke into ibuyela kwindlela eyenziwa ngayo i-hydroxyapatite.

5. ImiGangatho yoMgangatho weHydroxyapatite yoRhwebo

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-hydroxyapatite yenziwe njani, kufuneka ihlangabezane nemigangatho engqongqo yomgangatho wokusetyenziswa kwezonyango kunye nabathengi. Makhe sichaze ukuba kuthetha ukuthini oko.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezonyango kunye nonyango lwamazinyo, i-FDA idinga ukuba i-hydroxyapatite ibe ubuncinane be-95% ecocekileyo, kunye ne-zero ye-pathogens ebonakalayo kunye namanqanaba ensimbi enzima ngaphantsi kwemida engqongqo kakhulu. Ilothe kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-0.5 iinxalenye kwisigidi ngasinye, i-arsenic ibe ngaphantsi kwe-0.1 ppm. Akukho ngaphandle.

Kwiimveliso zabathengi ezifana ne-toothpaste, imigangatho ikhululekile kancinane kodwa isaqinile. I-EU kunye ne-FDA zombini zinemida kwiintsimbi ezinzima, kwaye zifuna ukuba nayiphi na i-hydroxyapatite ephuma kwizilwanyana icutshungulwe ukuze isuse zonke izinto eziphilayo ezinokubangela ukusabela komzimba.

Uvavanyo lomntu wesithathu alunakuxoxisana, ngokunyanisekileyo. Naluphi na uphawu oluhloniphekileyo luya kubelana ngeziphumo zabo zovavanyo ukuze uqinisekise ukuba yenziwe njani i-hydroxyapatite kwaye yintoni kanye kanye ekhoyo kwimveliso yokugqibela. Ukuba abayi ukwabelana ngaloo nto? Hamb 'umshiye.

Kunyaka ophelileyo, ndisebenze noMarcus, umseki wokuqala eNashville owayesungula umgca wokunakekelwa komlomo wendalo. Wayefuna ukunciphisa iindleko ngokutsiba umjikelo wovavanyo lomntu wesithathu. Ndathetha naye ngaphandle kwayo-kwaye kulungile, kuba sifumene i-DNA yebhovi eshiyekileyo kwibhetshi enye eyayiza kufumana imveliso etsalwe kwiishelufu. Yayiyinto esondeleyo leyo.

6. Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Ngaba i-hydroxyapatite yendalo okanye yenziwe?

Enyanisweni, inokuba zombini! I-Hydroxyapatite yenzeka ngokwemvelo kumathambo namazinyo ethu, kunye nakwi-geological deposits kunye namathambo ezilwanyana. Isenokwenziwa kwakhona kwilebhu enolawulo olupheleleyo phezu kobunyulu. Ingaba ukhetha indalo okanye i-synthetic kuxhomekeke kwinto oyisebenzisayo, kwaye i-hydroxyapatite yenziwe njani imicimbi ngaphezu kokuba yinto yendalo okanye yokwenziwa. Indalo inokungcoliseka ukuba ayilungiswanga kakuhle, kwaye i-synthetic inokufana ne-biocompatible njengendalo kuninzi lokusetyenziswa.

Ngaba i-hydroxyapatite ikhuselekile ukusetyenziswa kwansuku zonke kwi-toothpaste?

Ewe, xa iveliswe ngokuchanekileyo, ikhuselekile ngokupheleleyo ukusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla. I-FDA inike i-GRAS (Iqatshelwe Jikelele njengeKhuselekileyo) isimo sokusetyenziswa kwiimveliso zokhathalelo lomlomo, kunye nezifundo ezininzi zeklinikhi ze-2022-2024 zibonisa ukuba isebenza njenge-fluoride yokubuyisela imingxuma yokuqala, ngaphandle kwemiphumo eyityhefu. Umngcipheko wokhuseleko kuphela ufika ukuba i-hydroxyapatite ingcolisekile kwiindlela zokuvelisa ezingalunganga, yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuba i-hydroxyapatite yenziwe njani kwimveliso oyithengayo. Hlala unamathele kwiimpawu ezenza uvavanyo lokucoceka komntu wesithathu.

Ngaba i-hydroxyapatite inokufumaneka ngokuzinzileyo?

Kusenokuba njalo, ewe. I-hydroxyapatite ephuma kwizilwanyana zendalo iqhele ukwenziwa kumathambo ayimveliso yeshishini lenyama, ngoko isebenzisa inkunkuma ebinokuthi iye kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma - oko ngokwenene kuzinzile. I-Synthetic hydroxyapatite inokwenziwa ngemithombo ye-calcium esetyenzisiweyo ngoku, nayo, enciphisa ukumbiwa kweeminerali ekrwada. Olona khetho luzinzileyo yindalo ye-geological hydroxyapatite esuka kwimigodi evulekileyo, kodwa leyo isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo zemizi-mveliso eziphantsi. Ukuba uzinzo lubalulekile kuwe, vele ubuze uphawu lwenziwa njani i-hydroxyapatite kwimveliso yabo, kunye nento abayenzayo ukunciphisa impembelelo yabo yokusingqongileyo.

7. Isiphelo

Ke ukusonga, yenziwa njani i-hydroxyapatite kuxhomekeke ekubeni yindalo okanye yokwenziwa. I-hydroxyapatite yendalo ikhutshwe emathanjeni ezilwanyana okanye imbiwe kwiidiphozithi ze-geological, ngelixa i-synthetic yenziwa ngeenkqubo zemichiza ezilawulwayo kwilebhu efana nemvula emanzi, i-sol-gel, okanye i-hydrothermal synthesis.

Yenziwa njani i-hydroxyapatite ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubunyulu, ubungakanani bamasuntswana, kunye nokuba ingasetyenziselwa ntoni. Indalo isebenza kakuhle kwiimveliso ezininzi zabathengi, ngelixa i-synthetic yimigangatho yegolide yonyango kunye nentsebenzo ephezulu yokunakekelwa komlomo.

Ngokunyaniseka, ndicinga ukuba uninzi lwabantu lugxile kakhulu ekubeni luyindalo vs yokwenziwa, kunye nokungagxininisi kwindlela eyenziwa ngayo i-hydroxyapatite kwaye idibana nemigangatho engqongqo yokucoceka. Yeyona nto ithathwayo yokwenyani.

Ingaba ungumqulunqi wemveliso okanye nje umntu othenga i-toothpaste, hlala ubuza malunga neendlela zokuvelisa kunye nokuvavanya. Kwenza umahluko omkhulu kunokuba ucinga. Akukho joke, loo mbuzo mnye unokukusindisa kumgangatho ombi wemveliso okanye nakwimiba yokhuseleko.

Ekupheleni kosuku, i-hydroxyapatite yinto emangalisayo encede izigidi zabantu abanempilo yamazinyo kunye nokuphulukiswa kwamathambo-ibalulekile nje ukuba yenziwe ngendlela efanelekileyo.