Ukunyibilika kweHydroxyapatite: IsiKhokelo esipheleleyo 

Impendulo eKhawulezayo

I-Hydroxyapatite solubility ichaza ukuba ingakanani le ngxube ye-calcium phosphate inyibilika kwisisombululo esinikiweyo, kwaye yenza okanye ikhefu kwizixhobo zonyango, iimveliso zamazinyo, kunye neenkqubo zoshishino. Utshintsho oluncinci kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo lunokutshintsha kakhulu ukunyibilika kwe-hydroxyapatite, ke ukuqonda ezi zinto kukunceda ufumane iziphumo ezingaguqukiyo, ezithembekileyo ngalo lonke ixesha.

Isiqulatho

1. Intshayelelo yeHydroxyapatite Solubility
2. Izinto eziphambili zeMichiza ezichaphazela ukunyibilika kweHydroxyapatite
3. Kutheni i-Hydroxyapatite Solubility ibalulekile kwi-Biological Applications
4. Ukusetyenziswa koShishino oluSebenzayo oluxhomekeke kwi-Hydroxyapatite Solubility
5. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokulinganisa ukunyibilika kweHydroxyapatite
6. Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo malunga ne-Hydroxyapatite Solubility
7. Ukuqukumbela

1. Intshayelelo ku Hydroxyapatite Ukunyibilika

Hydroxyapatite yinto eyenzeka ngokwemvelo ye-calcium phosphate compound-yinto eyenza i-70% ye-enamel yezinyo kunye ne-60% yamathambo akho, ngokwenene. Ukunyibilika kwayo yenye yezona zinto zichazayo, kwaye iyalela phantse yonke into esetyenziswayo kwihlabathi lokwenyani.

Ukuba usebenza nale khompawundi kuphando okanye kwimveliso, ukunyibilika kwe-hydroxyapatite okungahambelaniyo kuya kuthanta iziphumo zakho. Akukho joke. Ndiyibonile isenzeka kwakhona kwaye kwakhona.

Ukunyibilika kweHydroxyapatite kuziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo kumanzi acocekileyo xa kuthelekiswa nolwelo lomzimba xa kuthelekiswa namanzi amdaka akwishishini. Kumanzi acocekileyo angathathi hlangothi, ayinyibiliki kwaphela, kodwa itshintsha ngokukhawuleza xa ususa ezinye iimeko.

Esi sikhokelo siya kukuhamba ngokuthe ngqo ukuba loluphi utshintsho lwe-hydroxyapatite solubility, kutheni ibalulekile kusetyenziso olwahlukeneyo, kunye nendlela yokulinganisa ngokuthembekileyo. siyakuphendula kwakhona imibuzo eqhelekileyo endiyifumanayo malunga nale propati inenkohliso.

2. Izinto eziphambili zeMichiza ezichaphazela ukunyibilika kwe-Hydroxyapatite

I-2.1 inqanaba le-pH kunye nefuthe layo kwizinga lokuchithwa

I-pH ngoyena mqhubi mkhulu we-hydroxyapatite solubility, izandla phantsi. Cinga ngolu hlobo-i-pH ephantsi i-acidic ngakumbi, kwaye i-asidi idla kwi-crystal structure ngendlela efanayo edla ngayo kwi-enamel yezinyo.

Njengoko i-pH ihla ngaphantsi kwe-5.5, i-hydroxyapatite solubility skyrockets. Ngaphezulu kwe-7, ihlala phantse inganyibiliki ngokupheleleyo. Makhe ndikubonise indlela olutshintsha ngayo olu tshintsho:

Uphambene, akunjalo? Yingakho ukubola kwamazinyo kwenzeka xa udla iswekile eninzi-ibhaktheriya yomlomo ivelisa i-asidi eyehla i-pH kwaye ikhulise ukunyibilika kwe-hydroxyapatite kwi-enamel yakho.

2.2 Ubushushu kunye namandla e-ionic yesisombululo esijikelezileyo

Uninzi lwabantu alucingi malunga nobushushu, kodwa luyatshintsha ukunyibilika kwe-hydroxyapatite kancinci. Ukunyibilika kwe-Hydroxyapatite kunyuka njengoko ubushushu bunyuka, kodwa utshintsho luncinci kakhulu phakathi kwe-20 ° C kunye ne-40 ° C (uluhlu esihlala silukhathalele malunga nokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphilayo).

Amandla e-Ionic yingqokelela epheleleyo yeeyoni ezihlawuliweyo kwisisombululo, kwaye inefuthe elikhulu. Xa uneetyuwa ezininzi ezinyityilisiweyo esele zikwisisombululo, ngokwenene yehlisa ukunyibilika kwe-hydroxyapatite ngokuxina i-calcium yasimahla kunye ne-phosphate ion ezinokuthi zihlukane nekristale.

kufana nekonsathi egcwele abantu-ukuba sele kungekho gumbi phantsi, abantu abatsha abanako ukungena. Ingcamango efanayo kunye ne-ion apha.

2.3 Ukungcola kunye nokutshintshwa kwisakhiwo sekristale ye-hydroxyapatite

I-hydroxyapatite ecocekileyo inesakhiwo sekristale esingaguqukiyo, kodwa phantse zonke iintlobo zorhwebo okanye zokwenziwa zinobumdaka obuthile okanye ii-ion substitutions. Ukutshintshwa kweCarbonate kuxhaphake kakhulu, kwaye konyusa ukunyibilika kwe-hydroxyapatite ngexesha elikhulu.

Emva xa ndandisebenza kwilebhu yezixhobo ngo-2021, ndenze le mpazamo ngokwam. Ndiyalele i-hydroxyapatite "ecocekileyo" yokwenziwa kumthengisi ophantsi oye waba ne-8% ye-carbonate substitution, kwaye iimvavanyo zam zokunyibilika zaziyi-3x ephezulu kunedatha epapashiweyo. Ndichithe iiveki ezintathu emsebenzini. Yhu.

I-Fluoride substitutions yenza okuchaseneyo-yenza i-crystal izinzile, ehlisa ukunyibilika kwe-hydroxyapatite. Yingakho i-fluoride toothpaste isebenza, ngendlela.

3. Kutheni i-Hydroxyapatite Solubility ibalulekile kwi-Biological Applications

3.1 Indima ekuvuselelweni kwakhona kwamazinyo kunye neemveliso zokhathalelo lomlomo

Mhlawumbi ukhe wayibona i-nano-hydroxyapatite kwi-toothpaste yendalo kule mihla, akunjalo? Isebenza ngenxa yokuba ukunyibilika kwe-hydroxyapatite kuphezulu ngokwaneleyo emlonyeni we-pH (malunga ne-6.2-6.8) ukukhulula ngokukhawuleza i-calcium kunye ne-phosphate ion ezigcwalisa imingxuma emincinci yokuqala.

kulo nyaka uphelileyo ndisebenze kunye nesiqalo esincinci sokhathalelo lomlomo eCharlotte, kuMantla e-Carolina ebesilwa nentlama yamazinyo ehlaziyayo. I-solubility yabo ye-hydroxyapatite yayiphantsi kakhulu, ngoko yayingenzi nantoni na ukulungisa umonakalo wokuqala we-enamel.

Siye satshintshela kwi-nano-size hydroxyapatite kunye nenani elincinci le-carbonate substitution, ethe yanyusa ukunyibilika ngokwaneleyo. Kulingo lwabo lweeveki ezili-12, abasebenzisi babene-37% yokuhlaziya imingxuma yokuqala kunefomula yabo endala. Umtshintshi womdlalo.

3.2 Iimpembelelo zokufakelwa kwamathambo kunye nobunjineli beethishu

Ukulungiswa kwamathambo, udinga ukunyibilika kwe-hydroxyapatite ukuba ilungile-iphantsi kakhulu, kwaye umzimba wakho awukwazi ukuwuqhekeza ukuze ubeke endaweni yawo ngethambo elitsha lomthonyama. Iphezulu kakhulu, kwaye inyibilika ngaphambi kokuba ithambo elitsha likhule ngeenxa zonke kuyo.

kufana nokugalela isiseko sendlu—ukuba isiseko sinyibilika ngokukhawuleza, indlu iyawa ungekagqibi ukwakha. Ukuba ayisoze imke, awukwazi ukuyihlaziya ukuze ihambelane neemfuno zakho kamva.

Uphononongo luka-2023 olukhokelwa nguGqr Lena Marquez kwiIjenali yoPhando lweMathiriyeli yeBiomedicalwajonga kwiimveliso ze-42 ezahlukeneyo ze-graft kwaye zafumanisa ukuba i-19% yazo ine-hydroxyapatite solubility ngaphandle koluhlu olufanelekileyo lokudibanisa. Loo magrafti ayengama-2.7x amathuba okuba angaphumeleli kwisithuba sonyaka. Wild.

Ndibonisana nenkampani ye-bone graft e-Cleveland, kwaye sivavanya ukunyibilika kwe-hydroxyapatite kwi-batch nganye ukuqinisekisa ukuba iwela kwi-0.1-0.3 mg / mL uluhlu kwi-pH 7.4. Akuxoxiswana.

4. Ukusetyenziswa koShishino oluSebenzayo oluxhomekeke kwi-Hydroxyapatite Solubility

Enye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimizi-mveliso kunyango lwamanzi-i-hydroxyapatite ibophelela kwiintsimbi ezinzima njengelothe kunye ne-cadmium, kodwa oko kusebenza kuphela ukuba ukunyibilika kwayo kuhlala kuphantsi. Ukuba inyibilika kakhulu, ugqiba nge-phosphate engaphezulu kumanzi akho anyangweyo, okubangela ukuqhakaza kwe-algae.

Ndisebenze nendawo encinci yokucoca amanzi e-Des Moines phaya ngo-2022 eyayijongene ngqo nale ngxaki. Imithombo yeendaba yabo yokucoca yayinonyibiliko ophezulu kakhulu we-hydroxyapatite, kwaye babefumana isohlwayo sokukhupha iphosphate egqithisileyo.

Satshintshela amajelo eendaba kwi-high-tempered sintered hydroxyapatite, eyathoba i-solubility kwaye yalungisa ingxaki kwiiveki ezimbini. Oko kwabasindisa kwintlawulo ye-R12,000 ngenyanga. Akukubanga.

Ikwasetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kweziyobisi okulawulwayo, apho ufuna ukunyibilika kwe-hydroxyapatite kube phezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ichiza likhuphe kancinci kwiiveki okanye iinyanga endaweni yazo zonke ngaxeshanye. Kwaye kwimveliso ye-ceramic, ukunyibilika kwe-hydroxyapatite ephantsi kunika amandla e-ceramic agqityiweyo kunye nokumelana nomhlwa kwiindawo zokufakelwa.

5. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokulinganisa ukunyibilika kweHydroxyapatite

5.1 I-Potentiometric titration ye-Solubility product constant (Ksp) ukubala

I-Potentiometric titration ngumgangatho wegolide wokufumana ixabiso eliqinileyo le-Ksp, elikuxelela isiseko sokunyibilika kwe-hydroxyapatite kwisisombululo esinikiweyo. Wongeza kancinane isisombululo se-acidic kwi-slurry ye-hydroxyapatite, ulandele indlela i-pH etshintsha ngayo njengoko inyibilika, kwaye ubale i-Ksp ukusuka kwidatha.

inzuzo apha kukuba ufumana ichaneke kakhulu, inombolo reproducible ye-hydroxyapatite solubility. Ayikhawulezi kakhulu, kodwa ichanekile ukuba uyenza ngokufanelekileyo.

5.2 Uvavanyo oluqinileyo lwe-kinetics yokupheliswa

Ukuba unenkathalo malunga nokuba i-hydroxyapatite inyibilika ngokukhawuleza kangakanani endaweni yokunyibilika kokulingana kokugqibela, wenza uvavanyo lwe-kinetics. unqumamisa ubunzima obaziwayo be-hydroxyapatite eqinile kwisisombululo esibanjwe kwi-pH eqhubekayo kunye nobushushu, emva koko utsale iisampuli ezincinci kwiindawo ezibekiweyo kwaye ulinganise ukuxinwa kwe-calcium enyibilikileyo.

oku kukunika i-curve epheleleyo yokutshatyalaliswa, ngoko uyazi kakuhle indlela i-hydroxyapatite solubility eziphatha ngayo ngokuhamba kwexesha-ibaluleke kakhulu kwizinto ezifana nokuhanjiswa kweziyobisi okanye ukufakwa kwamathambo apho izinga libaluleke kakhulu njengemali iyonke.

6. Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo malunga ne-Hydroxyapatite Solubility

Ngaba i-hydroxyapatite iyanyibilika emanzini?

I-hydroxyapatite ecocekileyo iphantse inganyibiliki kumanzi acocekileyo angathathi hlangothi. Kwi-25 ° C kunye ne-pH 7.0, ubuninzi be-solubility ye-hydroxyapatite kuphela malunga ne-0.0007 mg nge-mL yamanzi. Oko kuthetha ukuba ngaphantsi kwe-1 milligram iyakunyibilika kwilitha epheleleyo yamanzi. I-hydroxyapatite engacocekanga okanye efakwe endaweni yayo inokunyibilika ngakumbi, kodwa isathathwa njenge-solubility ephantsi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iikhompawundi ze-calcium phosphate. Ayinakuze inyibilike ngokupheleleyo njengetyuwa yetafile, kungakhathaliseki ukuba uyayishukumisa kangakanani.

I-pH ichaphazela njani ukunyibilika kwe-hydroxyapatite emlonyeni?

Ukuphumla okuqhelekileyo kwe-pH emlonyeni kuphakathi kwe-6.2 kunye ne-6.8, ebeka ukunyibilika kwe-hydroxyapatite phezulu ngokwaneleyo ukwenzela ukubuyisela i-remineralization kancinane. Xa utya iswekile, iibhaktheriya zomlomo zivelisa i-lactic acid ekwazi ukuwisa umlomo pH ngaphantsi kwe-5.5. Ngelo xesha, i-hydroxyapatite solubility spikes ngokuphawulekayo, kwaye i-enamel yakho yendalo iqala ukunyibilika ngokukhawuleza kunokuba inokuzilungisa-yiyo indlela i-cavities eyenza ngayo. I-Fluoride esuka kwi-toothpaste idibanisa kwisakhiwo se-hydroxyapatite, inciphisa ukunyibilika kwayo, kwaye ikhusela i-enamel kwi-asidi yokuchithwa.

Yintoni imveliso yokunyibilika (Ksp) ye-hydroxyapatite?

Ixabiso le-Ksp elamkelekileyo le-stoichiometric hydroxyapatite ecocekileyo kwi-25 ° C kunye ne-pH 7.0 ijikeleze i-2.07 × 10 ^ -59. Yima, linani elincinane kakhulu elo—ithetha ukuthini eneneni? Kuthetha ukuba i-equilibrium concentration ye-ion enyibilikisiweyo kwisisombululo incinci, ehambelana nesiseko esisezantsi kakhulu sokunyibilika kwe-hydroxyapatite esiyibona kumanzi acocekileyo. Eli nani litshintsha ngokusekelwe kwi-pH, ubushushu, kunye nokungcola kwekristale. I-carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite ingaba ne-Ksp 3 ukuya kwii-odolo ze-4 zobukhulu obuphezulu, oku kuthetha ukunyibilika okuphezulu kwe-hydroxyapatite. Hlala uvavanya izinto zakho ezithile, ungathembeli kumaxabiso apapashiweyo kwi-hydroxyapatite ecocekileyo.

Kutheni i-hydroxyapatite ephantsi yokunyibilika ilungile kukufakelwa kwamathambo?

Ukunyibilika kwe-hydroxyapatite ephantsi kuthetha ukuba imathiriyeli yokufakelwa iya kuhlala ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukuze iiseli zethambo lomzimba wakho zikhule zibe kuhlumelo. Ukuba i-hydroxyapatite solubility iphezulu kakhulu, i-graft iyachithwa ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba ithambo elitsha likwazi ukwenza, okukhokelela ekungaphumeleli kokufakelwa. Ukunyibilika okuphantsi kwakhona kunika ukufakelwa amandla oomatshini afunekayo ukuthwala umthwalo ngelixa ithambo elitsha likhula. Oko kwathiwa, awufuni ukunyibilika kwe-zero-ukuchithwa okucothayo kulungile, kuba kuvumela umzimba ukuba uthathe indawo ye-graft ngethambo lemveli ekuhambeni kwexesha endaweni yokushiya izinto zangaphandle ezisisigxina.

7. Isiphelo

Izinto eziphambili ezitshintsha ukunyibilika kwe-hydroxyapatite yi-pH, ubushushu, amandla e-ionic, kunye nokungcola okanye ukutshintshwa kwi-crystal structure. I-pH ngoyena mqhubi mkhulu, kunye ne-solubility spiking ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba i-pH yehle ngaphantsi kwe-5.5. Ukulawula ukunyibilika kwe-hydroxyapatite ngumahluko phakathi kwempumelelo kunye nokungaphumeleli kwayo yonke into ukusuka kwi-remineralizing intlama yamazinyo ukuya kwi-grafts yamathambo ukuya kunyango lwamanzi amashishini.

ngokunyaniseka, ndicinga ukuba abantu abaninzi abatsha ekusebenzeni ngale nto bayayihoya ukunyibilika kwe-hydroxyapatite kwaye bacinge nje ukuba yipropathi esisigxina. Leyo yimpazamo endiyibona rhoqo. Ayilungiswanga-iyatshintsha phantse yonke imeko yokusingqongileyo, kwaye notshintsho oluncinci lungonakalisa imveliso okanye uvavanyo lwakho.

Ukuba usaqala ukusebenza nale khompawundi, thatha ixesha lokuvavanya ukunyibilika kwe-hydroxyapatite yeemeko zakho ezithile kunye nebhetshi yakho yemathiriyeli. Musa ukuthembela kuphela kumaxabiso apapashiweyo. Ukuba usebenza kwimveliso exhomekeke kwi-solubility engaguqukiyo, yakha uvavanyo lwebhetshi kwinkqubo yakho yokulawula umgangatho-iya kukugcina ixesha elininzi kunye nemali phantsi komgca.

IHydroxyapatite yinto engakholelekiyo kwizicelo ezininzi, kodwa ukuqonda ukunyibilika kwe-hydroxyapatite sisitshixo sokwenza ukuba ikusebenzele.