
2026-09-30
Njengoqinisekisiweyo ibakala lezonyango 45S5 bioglass umthengisi, sinika i-high-purity bioactive glass powders kunye ne-granules eyenzelwe iyeza lokuvuselela, ukufakelwa kwe-orthopedic, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamazinyo. Amaqabane ethu okuvelisa aqinisekisiweyo e-ISO aqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa ngokungqongqo kwimigangatho ye-ASTM F1538, ukuhambisa ukuhanjiswa kobungakanani besuntswana, ukulawulwa kwekristale, kunye ne-osteoconductivity ephezulu. Siyawaxhasa amaqela e-R&D kunye nabavelisi bezixhobo zonyango ngokudityaniswa kwesiqhelo, imveliso enokunyuka, kunye namaxwebhu obugcisa abanzi ukuze angeniswe ngokusemthethweni.
I-45S5 Bioglass, eyaphuhliswa ekuqaleni nguNjingalwazi uLarry Hench kwiYunivesithi yaseFlorida, imele izinto zokuqala zokwenziwa ezikwazi ukudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo kwizicubu zethambo eziphilayo. Igama elithi "45S5" libhekisela ekubunjweni kwayo okuthe ngqo: 45% silica (SiO2) kunye ne-5: 1 i-molar ratio ye-calcium kwi-phosphorus. Le stoichiometry echanekileyo ibalulekile ekuqaliseni impendulo yebhayoloji efunekayo kwi-osseointegration.
Ngokungafaniyo ne-inert biomaterials ezifana ne-titanium okanye i-alumina, exhomekeke kwi-mechanical fixation, i-45S5 bioglass i-bioactive. Emva kokuvezwa kulwelo lwe-physiological, lufumana uthotho lweempendulo zomhlaba ezikhokelela ekwenziweni kwe-hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) layer. Lo maleko we-HCA ufana neekhemikhali kunye nesakhiwo esifana nesigaba seminerali yethambo lomntu, evumela ukuba kubekho ukudibanisa kweekhemikhali okuqinileyo kunokuba kuhlanganiswe nje ngokomzimba.
Indlela yokusebenza yebakala lezonyango i-45S5 bioglass ibandakanya izigaba ezine ezicacileyo ezenzeka ngokukhawuleza emva kokufakelwa. Ukuqonda ezi zigaba kubalulekile kwiinjineli kunye neekliniki ezikhetha izixhobo zeeprojekthi zokuvuselela amathambo.
Olu landelelwano lwenzeka kwimizuzu ukuya kwiiyure emva kokufakelwa. Isantya kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwale nkqubo kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekucocekeni kwezinto eziluhlaza kunye nokuhambelana kwenkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso, yiyo loo nto kufunwa umntu othembekileyo. ibakala lezonyango 45S5 bioglass umthengisi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.

Kushishino lwezixhobo zonyango, ukungaguquguquki kwezinto ayisiyo metric esemgangathweni nje; yimfuneko yolawulo. Ukwahluka kwisayizi ye-particle, ukulandelela ukungcola, okanye umxholo we-crystalline unokutshintsha kakhulu izinga lokuthotywa kunye nempendulo yebhayoloji yokufakelwa. Umzi-mveliso oqinisekisiweyo we-ISO ubonelela ngeziseko zophuhliso eziyimfuneko ukulawula ezi ziguquguqukayo ngokungqongqo.
Izixhobo zodidi lwezonyango kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho engqongqo yamazwe ngamazwe. Njengomthengisi okhethekileyo, iinkqubo zethu zemveliso zihambelana:
Ukulandeleka kunwenwela ukusuka kumgubo okrwada weoksidi ukuya kwimveliso epakishweyo yokugqibela. Ibhetshi nganye inikwe inani elahlukileyo, elivumela ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kwembali yemveliso. Eli nqanaba lamaxwebhu liyimfuneko kubathengi abafuna imvume ye-FDA okanye uphawu lweCE kwizixhobo zabo zokugqibela zonyango.
Ukwenziwa kwe-45S5 bioglass kufuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu kunye nolawulo lwe-atmosphere. Ungcoliseko oluvela kwizinto ezinqamlezileyo okanye iigesi zasemoyeni zingazisa ubumdaka obubeka esichengeni i-bioactivity. Amaziko ethu esisebenzisana nawo asebenzisa iziko elineplatinam kunye neendawo zokupakisha zamagumbi acocekileyo ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo. Iinkqubo zokuxuba ezizenzekelayo ziqinisekisa i-homogeneity yomxube wokuqala we-oxide, ukuthintela i-gradients edibeneyo enokuthi iholele kumazinga angahambelaniyo okutshatyalaliswa.
Ikomkhulu eJinan, kwiPhondo laseShandong, eTshayina, IJinan Meiyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. isebenza njenge-subsidiary ye-Pacific Kangtai Scientific Instruments (Jinan) Co., Ltd. Siyishishini lobuchwephesha elizinikele kuphando, inkxaso yophuhliso, kunye norhwebo lobuchwepheshe be-bioactive. Ngelixa iingcambu zethu zifakwe nzulu kwimizi-mveliso yezithambiso kunye ne-aesthetics yezonyango, ukuzibophelela kwethu kubungqongqo besayensi kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwezixhobo eziluhlaza kwandisa ngokungenamthungo kwindawo yonyango lokuhlaziya.
Kubalulekile ukucacisa imodeli yethu yokusebenza: I-Jinan Meiyi Biotechnology ayifaki ukuveliswa ngokuthe ngqo kwezinto eziluhlaza. Endaweni yoko, sisebenza njengeqhinga lokufumana kunye neqabane lokuhambisa eliqinisekisiweyo lomgangatho. Sisebenzisa uthungelwano lwekhonkco lonikezelo lwehlabathi olusekwe kakuhle ukugcina ubudlelwane bentsebenziswano bexesha elide kunye nabavelisi abavunyiweyo bamazwe ngamazwe, abaqinisekisiweyo be-ISO. Oku kusivumela ukuba sisebenze njengesixhobo esithembekileyo sokwenza izinto ezintsha, siqinisekisa ukuba abathengi bethu kwiilabhoratri ze-R&D, ii-CDMO, kunye neekliniki zobuhle banokufikelela okungaguqukiyo kwizinto eziphucukileyo, ezithobela imithetho, kunye nezixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo ngokwesayensi.
Isakhelo sethu soqinisekiso lomgangatho sigxile kwisiqinisekiso esingqongqo somthengisi, ukulandelelwa kwamaxwebhu, kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwemigangatho yebhetshi. Iyunithi nganye ye-45S5 bioglass esiyihambisayo ikhatshwa ziidosi zobugcisa ezipheleleyo, kubandakanywa izatifikethi zohlalutyo (CoA), amaphepha edatha yokhuseleko, kunye nezishwankathelo zobume bolawulo. Ngokubeka phambili ukuthembeka, ukungafihli, kunye nokuphendula, sinciphisa ukuntsonkotha kokukhangela kubathengi bethu ngelixa sigcina ukuzithemba okupheleleyo kokungaguquguquki kwezinto kunye nokulungela ukulawula.
Sinikezela ngebanga lezonyango i-45S5 bioglass kwiifom ezahlukeneyo ukuze zihambelane neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zesicelo. Ubume bomzimba be-bioglass buchaphazela iimpawu zayo zokuphatha, izinga lokuthotywa, kunye neempawu zoomatshini kwizakhiwo ezidibeneyo.
Ipowder yeglasi yeBioactive yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo esetyenziswa kwiindawo zokufakela amathambo, intlama yamazinyo, kunye nemixube yokwaleka. Iipowders zethu zibonakaliswa ngokusasazwa kobungakanani besuntswana eliqinileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba okuqikelelwayo kunye nokusebenza kwakhona.
| Ipharamitha | Uluhlu lokuchaza | Indlela yoVavanyo |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuqulunqwa kwemichiza | 45% yeSiO2, 24.5% Na2O, 24.5% CaO, 6% P2O5 (wt%) | XRF / ICP-OES |
| Ubungakanani besuntswana (D50) | Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso: 1µm – 150µm | I-Laser Diffraction |
| Ubukhazikhazi | < 5% (Isakhiwo se-Amorphous sikhethwa) | XRD |
| Iintsimbi ezinzima | < 10 ppm iyonke | I-ICP-MS |
| Inqanaba le-Endotoxin | <0.5 EU/mL | Uvavanyo lwe-LAL |
Ubume beglasi bubalulekile. Izigaba zeCrystalline, ezifana ne-combeite okanye i-wollastonite, zenza ukuba inyibilika ipholiswe ngokucothayo okanye ukuba iglasi ayiphathwa ngokufanelekileyo ngobushushu. Ezi zigaba ze-crystalline zincinci ze-bioactive kwaye zinokunyibilika kumazinga ahlukeneyo, okukhokelela kwiziphumo zeklinikhi ezingalindelekanga. Inkqubo yethu yokucima ngokukhawuleza iqinisekisa ukuba iglasi ihlala i-amorphous.
Ukusetyenziswa okudinga ukugcinwa kwendawo kunye ne-vascular ingrowth, sibonelela ngeegranules ezidibeneyo kunye ne-scaffolds ene-porous. Ezi zakhiwo zenzelwe ukulungelelanisa ingqibelelo yomatshini kunye ne-porosity.
Ukuguquguquka kwe-45S5 bioglass kukhokelele ekwamkelweni kwayo kwiinkalo ezininzi zonyango. Ikhono layo lokuvuselela i-osteogenesis kunye ne-angiogenesis yenza ukuba ilungele ukulungiswa kwezicubu eziqinileyo kunye nezithambileyo.
Kutyando lwamathambo, i-45S5 bioglass isetyenziswa njenge-bone void filler kunye ne-extender. Ihlala ixutywa ne-autograft okanye ithambo le-allograft ukwandisa amandla osteoinductive we-graft. Kwiinkqubo ze-spinal fusion, iinqununu ze-bioglass zifakwe kwi-polymer matrices ukuze zenze iikheji ezidibeneyo ezikhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwe-vertebral.
Ukukhutshwa kweentlobo ze-silicon ezinyibilikayo ukusuka kwiglasi enyibilikayo kubonakaliswe ukunyusa imbonakalo yemfuza enxulumene nokwakheka kwamathambo. Ngokukodwa, i-silicon ion ivuselela ukwanda kwe-osteoblast kunye nokwahlula, ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokuphilisa. Olu vuselelo lwebhayoloji luyinzuzo ephambili ngaphezu kwezihluzi ezingasebenziyo njengepolymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).
Ugqirha wamazinyo umele enye yeemarike ezinkulu zeglasi esebenzayo. Izicelo ziquka:
Uphando lwakutsha nje luye lwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-45S5 bioglass ukulungisa izicubu ezithambileyo. Iimveliso zokuchithwa kwe-ionic zikhuthaza ukwanda kwe-fibroblast kunye nokuveliswa kwe-collagen. Kukhathalelo lwenxeba elingapheliyo, ukunxiba okune-bioglass kunceda ukulawula i-exudate ngelixa kukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwezicubu zegranulation. Ummandla we-alkaline owenziwe ngokutshintshiselana kwe-ion uphinde ubonise iimpawu ezinqabileyo zokulwa ne-antibacterial, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokusuleleka kwizilonda ezingapholiyo.

Ukukhetha i-biomaterial efanelekileyo kufuna ukuqonda ngokucacileyo ukuba i-45S5 bioglass ithelekisa njani nezinye iindlela ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Le theyibhile ilandelayo ibalaselisa umahluko ophambili ngokwemigaqo ye-bioactivity, iipropathi zoomatshini, kunye nokuphathwa kweklinikhi.
| Uphawu | 45S5 Bioglass | IHydroxyapatite (HA) | I-Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP) | IiPolima ezingasebenziyo (PEEK/PMMA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ukusebenza kwezinto eziphilayo | Phezulu (Bonding Index A) | Phakathi (Osteoconductive) | Phakathi (Osteoconductive) | Akukho (Bioinert) |
| UBonding Mechanism | IBond yeMichiza (i-HCA Layer) | Ukudityaniswa komphezulu | Ukudityaniswa komphezulu | Mechanical Interlock |
| Ireyithi yokuthotywa | Ukuchithwa okulawulwayo | Ucotha kakhulu | Phakathi ukuya kwi-Fast | Ayinakonakala |
| I-Osteostimulation | Ewe (Gene Upregulation) | Hayi | Hayi | Hayi |
| Amandla oomatshini | I-Brittle (I-Low Tensile) | Brittle (Uxinzelelo oluphezulu) | Brittle (Uxinzelelo oluphantsi) | Ukuqina okuphezulu |
| Ityala lokuSebenzisa eliPhambili | Ukuvuselelwa Kwamathambo / Iingubo | I-Bone Void Filler | I-Resorbable Scaffold | Ukufakelwa koLwakhiwo |
Ngelixa i-hydroxyapatite kunye ne-TCP zizixhobo ezibalaseleyo ze-osteoconductive, azinayo i-osteostimulatory properties ye-45S5 bioglass. Basebenza ikakhulu njenge-scaffolds yokungena kwamathambo. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-45S5 ibonakalisa ngokukhawuleza iiseli ukuba ziqalise ukubunjwa kwamathambo. Nangona kunjalo, i-bioglass i-brittle kwaye ayikwazi ukuthwala umthwalo ngokuzimeleyo. Ngoko ke, ihlala idibaniswa kunye neepolymers okanye isinyithi kwizakhiwo ezidibeneyo ukufezekisa ukusebenza okufunekayo komatshini kwizicelo ezithwala umthwalo.
Ukukhetha imveliso ye-bioglass ye-45S5 efanelekileyo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa isicelo esijoliswe kuyo, indlela yokucubungula, kunye nendlela yokulawula. Njengeyakho ibakala lezonyango 45S5 bioglass umthengisi, sincoma ukuqwalasela ezi parameters zilandelayo ngexesha lokukhetha.
Ubungakanani besuntswana bumisela indawo ekhoyo yokusabela kunye neempawu zokuphatha izinto.
Kwizicelo zonyango, ubunyulu abunakuxoxwa. Qinisekisa ukuba umthengisi ubonelela ngezatifikethi zohlalutyo (CoA) ezichaza umxholo wesinyithi. I-iron, i-aluminiyam, kunye nezinye iintsimbi zotshintsho zinokubangela ukuphendula okungafunekiyo kwicala okanye kubangele i-cytotoxicity. Izinto zethu zebakala lezonyango ziqinisekisa amanqanaba asezantsi kakhulu kwezi zinto zingcolileyo, ziqinisekiswe luhlalutyo lwe-ICP-MS.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwinkqubo yakho yokuvelisa, unokufuna imathiriyeli engenazintsholongwane okanye engeyiyo inzala. Ukuba wenza ukuvalwa kweterminal kwisixhobo sakho sokugqibela, i-bioglass engeyiyo intsholongwane kwiibhegi ezipakishweyo ezitywiniweyo, ezicocekileyo zinokwanela. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-bioglass ibandakanyiwe kwimveliso engenako ukuvalwa inzala emva kwendibano, i-gamma-irradiated okanye i-aseptic-ezaliswe yi-bioglass iyafuneka. Qaphela ukuba i-gamma irradiation ngamanye amaxesha inokuchaphazela i-chemistry yeglasi, ngoko ke izifundo zokuqinisekisa ziyimfuneko.
Umthengisi othembekileyo kufuneka abonelele ngamaxwebhu abanzi ukuxhasa iifayili zakho zokulawula. Oku kuquka:
Ukufikelela kule datha kwangoko kwisigaba sophuhliso kunokukhawulezisa kakhulu ixesha lakho lokuthengisa.
Ukuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo kwe-45S5 bioglass kubalulekile ukugcina i-bioactivity yayo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi. Nangona i-bioglass i-biocompatible, i-powders ecocekileyo inokubangela ukucaphuka koomatshini kwinkqubo yokuphefumla ukuba ifakwe.
I-45S5 i-bioglass i-hygroscopic kwinqanaba elithile. Ukutyhileka kubumanzi kunokuqalisa ukusabela kwangaphambi kwexesha, okukhokelela kwi-agglomeration kunye nokunciphisa ubomi beshelufu. Gcina imathiriyeli kwindawo epholileyo, eyomileyo, ngokufanelekileyo kwizikhongozeli ezigcotyiweyo. Nje ukuba uvulwe, sebenzisa izinto ngokukhawuleza okanye uphinde uvale ngokuqinileyo ngeepakethi ze-desiccant. Kuphephe ukugcina ixesha elide kwindawo ezifumileyo.
Xa udibanisa i-bioglass kwiimatrices ze-polymer (umzekelo, i-PCL, i-PLGA, i-PEKK), qinisekisa ukusabalalisa ngokucokisekileyo ukukhusela ukudibanisa. Ii-agglomerate zinokusebenza njengezigxininisi zoxinzelelo, zenze buthathaka indibaniselwano. Sebenzisa ii-surfactants okanye ii-agent zokudibanisa ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuphucula i-interface phakathi kweglasi kunye ne-polymer. Ngexesha lokucubungula, gcina amaqondo okushisa angaphantsi kwe-crystallization threshold yeglasi (ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne-600-700 ° C) ukugcina isakhiwo sayo se-amorphous.
Ngalo lonke ixesha unxibe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela (i-PPE) xa uphethe umgubo we-bioglass, kubandakanya iimaski ezi-N95, iiglavu, kunye neeglavu zokhuseleko. Sebenza kwindawo enefume okanye indawo engena umoya ukuze unciphise ukuvela kothuli. Ngelixa izinto zingeyotyhefu, ukuphefumla kwayo nayiphi na into ecolekileyo kufuneka kuphetshwe.
I-45S5 yiglasi yokuqala ye-bioactive yeglasi enesalathisi esiphezulu se-bioactivity. Ezinye iingoma, ezifana ne-13-93 okanye iiglasi ezisekelwe kwi-borate, zinemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yokuchithwa kunye neempawu zomatshini. I-45S5 ikhethwa kwizicelo ezifuna ukuxhamla ngokukhawuleza kwamathambo kunye ne-osteostimulation.
Ewe, i-45S5 bioglass i-bioresorbable. Inyibilika ngokuthe ngcembe njengoko izicubu zethambo elitsha zenza, ekugqibeleni zithatyathelwe indawo lithambo lendalo. Umlinganiselo we-resorption unokulungiswa ngokulungelelanisa ubungakanani be-particle kunye ne-porosity.
I-45S5 ye-bioglass ecocekileyo i-brittle kwaye ayifanelekanga kwizicelo ezizimeleyo ezithwala umthwalo. Nangona kunjalo, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizinto ezidibeneyo kunye neepolymers okanye isinyithi, apho i-matrix inika amandla omatshini kunye ne-bioglass ibonelela nge-bioactivity.
Ubungakanani besuntswana elincinci linomlinganiselo omkhulu we-surface-to-volume ratio, okhokelela kutshintshiselwano lwe-ion olukhawulezayo kunye nokwakheka kwe-HCA. Nangona kunjalo, amasuntswana alunge kakhulu anokusabela ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, abangele i-pH spike ebukhali enokuba yingozi kwiiseli ezijikelezileyo. Ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bamasuntswana buxhomekeke kwisicelo esithile seklinikhi.
Amaqabane ethu amaziko anesiqinisekiso se-ISO 13485 sokwenziwa kwezixhobo zonyango. Sithobela imigangatho ye-ASTM F1538 yophawu lweglasi esebenzayo kwaye sibonelela ngamaxwebhu apheleleyo kwiimfuno ze-ISO 10993 ze-biocompatibility.
Ewe, ngobuhlakani bethu bokwenza intsebenziswano, sinikezela ngeenkonzo zokudityaniswa kwesiko lokuqamba okukhethekileyo okanye ukuhanjiswa kobungakanani bamasuntswana. Iqela lethu lobuchwephesha linokusebenza nawe ukuphuhlisa izisombululo ezilungiselelwe iimfuno zesicelo esisodwa.
Inkalo ekhethekileyo ye-45S5 ye-bioglass kukukhululwa kwe-silicon e-soluble (i-silicic acid) ngexesha lokuchithwa. I-silicon yinto ebalulekileyo yokulandela umkhondo kwibhayoloji yomntu, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-mineralization yamathambo kunye ne-collagen synthesis. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba i-asilicic acid ivuselela i-osteoblasts ukuvelisa amanqanaba aphezulu e-alkaline phosphatase kunye ne-osteocalcin, iimpawu zokubunjwa kwamathambo.
Ngapha koko, i-silicon ions ifunyenwe ukukhuthaza i-angiogenesis, ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emitsha. I-vascularization eyaneleyo ibalulekile ekusindeni kwezicubu zamathambo ezisanda kwakhiwa. Ngokubonelela ngokukhululwa okuqhubekayo kwe-silicon, i-45S5 bioglass idala i-microenvironment efanelekileyo kokubili amathambo kunye nokukhula komthambo wegazi, ukunyusa impumelelo epheleleyo yeenkqubo zokuvuselela.
Intsimi yeglasi ye-bioactive ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Uphando lwangoku lujolise kwi-doping 45S5 kunye ne-ion zonyango ezifana ne-strontium, i-magnesium, i-zinc, kunye nobhedu. Ezi dopants zinokunika imisebenzi eyongezelelweyo, efana nomsebenzi we-antibacterial, i-anti-inflammatory effects, okanye i-osteogenesis eyandisiweyo.
Omnye umkhwa ovelayo kuphuhliso lwe-45S5-based nanofibers kunye nezakhiwo ze-mesoporous. Ezi zakhiwo eziphambili zibonelela ngeendawo eziphezulu eziphezulu kunye nokukwazi ukulayisha kunye nokuhambisa amachiza okanye izinto zokukhula ngendlela elawulwayo. Njengokucinga kwangaphambili ibakala lezonyango 45S5 bioglass umthengisi, I-Jinan Meiyi Biotechnology ibeka esweni ngokukhutheleyo ezi ndlela kunye nokutyala imali kwintsebenziswano ye-R&D ukuxhasa izicelo zesizukulwana esilandelayo.
Ukukhetha iqabane elifanelekileyo lemathiriyeli sisigqibo esicwangcisiweyo esichaphazela umgangatho, ukhuseleko, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo zakho zonyango. Nge IJinan Meiyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., sidibanisa ubuchwephesha bezesayensi kunye nekhonkco eliqinileyo, eliqinisekisiweyo lokubonelela ngeemveliso ezihlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu yoshishino. Indlela yethu yogcino olucwangcisiweyo, ulawulo olungqongqo lomgangatho, kunye nenkxaso yobugcisa ebanzi iqinisekisa ukuba ufumana i-bioglass engaguqukiyo, esebenza kakhulu kwizicelo zakho.
Nokuba uphuhlisa inoveli yokufakela amathambo endaweni, into yokufakelwa kwamazinyo, okanye ukunxitywa kokhathalelo lwenxeba, i-45S5 ye-bioglass yethu ibonelela nge-bioactivity kunye nokuthembeka okufunekayo kwimpumelelo yeklinikhi. Siyabuqonda ubunzima bokuthotyelwa kwemithetho kwaye sizimisele ukukuxhasa kuwo wonke umjikelo wophuhliso lwemveliso ngemodeli yenkonzo ejolise kubuhlakani.
Ukuba ufuna umthombo othembekileyo webanga lezonyango 45S5 bioglass, qhagamshelana neqela lethu lobugcisa namhlanje. Sinikezela ngeekiti zeesampulu, iikowuteshini zesiko, kunye nothethwano oluneenkcukacha lobugcisa ukukunceda ukhethe eyona imathiriyeli kwiimfuno zakho.