Ukusetyenziswa kweShishini le-Superoxide Dismutase (SOD): Ukutya, i-Pharma & Cosmetics 

Intshayelelo

I-Superoxide dismutase (i-SOD) yi-enzyme enamandla ye-antioxidant eguqula i-superoxide radicals ibe yi-oksijini kunye ne-hydrogen peroxide, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini okutya, e-pharma, nakwizinto zokuthambisa.

Indlela yokuSebenza (iiNkcukacha zeMolekyuli)

I-Rection Catalyzed: I-SOD ivuselela ukusabela: 2O₂⁻ + 2H⁺ → H₂O₂ + O₂. Ngamanye amazwi, iguqula i-superoxide radicals ezimbini zibe yi-molecule ye-hydrogen peroxide kunye ne-oksijini enye, inciphisa kakhulu uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative.

Ii-Cofactor zeMetal kunye ne-Isoforms: Ii-enzyme ze-SOD zifuna i-ion zetsimbi kwindawo yazo esebenzayo. Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-Cu / Zn-SOD (i-cytosolic, isebenzisa ubhedu kunye ne-zinc), i-Mn-SOD (i-mitochondrial, i-manganese), kunye ne-Fe-SOD (kwezinye iibhaktheriya). Indawo yokubopha isinyithi (ehlala iququzelelwa yi-histidine kunye ne-aspartate residues) iququzelela ukuhanjiswa kwe-electron kumjikelezo we-dismutation.

Indima yebhayoloji: Ngokuthabatha i-superoxide radicals, i-SOD ikhusela i-DNA, i-lipids, kunye neeprotheni kumonakalo we-oxidative. Le ndima ibalulekile kwiinkqubo zokukhusela iiseli kwaye ixhasa ukusetyenziswa kwe-SOD ekujonganeni neemeko ezinxulumene ne-oxidative-stress.

Izicelo kuShishino lokuTya

Ukugcinwa kokutya: Isenzo se-SOD se-antioxidant sithintela i-lipid kunye ne-oxidation yezondlo ekudleni. Ikhupha i-superoxide radicals eveliswa ngexesha lokugcinwa kunye nokucutshungulwa (okunokuthi kuthotywe iivithamini, amafutha, njl.). Ngaloo ndlela iSOD inokusebenza njenge isilondolozi sendalo ukwandisa ubomi beshelufu yokutya okunamafutha aphezulu okanye okutsha.

Ukutya okuSebenzayo kunye neziselo: I-SOD yongezwa kukutya okunempilo kunye nezongezelelo. Abaphandi baye bavelisa iimveliso eziphuculweyo ze-SOD (umzekelo, "iwayini le-SOD elide," i-mayonnaise ye-SOD-fortified, i-milk candies, iziphuzo) ukuhambisa izibonelelo ze-antioxidant ngokutya. Izongezelelo ze-SOD zomlomo (iicapsules okanye iipowders) zithengiswa ukuze kugcinwe impilo ngenxa yeziphumo ezichasene nokuguga.

Isondlo sezilwanyana: Kwimfuyo kunye nokutya kweenkukhu, i-SOD enzymes okanye i-mimetics isetyenziselwa ukuphucula impilo yezilwanyana kunye nomgangatho wenyama. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukongeza i-SOD ukondla kukhulisa imeko ye-antioxidant yesilwanyana (ukuphakamisa umsebenzi we-SOD we-serum, ukunciphisa iimpawu ze-oxidative). Oku kunokukhokelela ekukhuleni okungcono kunye nokukhuseleka kwezilwanyana zasefama.

Ukuvundiswa kobisi: Iiprobiotics ezithile zivelisa amanqanaba aphezulu e-SOD. Umzekelo, ubunzima be Lactobacillus plantarum isetyenziswe kwi-yogurt yandisa kakhulu umxholo we-SOD wemveliso yokugqibela. Ukutyebisa ukutya okuvundisiweyo ngeenkcubeko ezivelisa i-SOD kunokuphucula iprofayili yazo yezondlo kunye ne-antioxidant.

Inqaku loLawulo: Amanye amazwe anemimiselo yeSOD ekutyeni. Ngokomzekelo, i-China, ibeke imigangatho ye-SOD equkethe "ukutya okunempilo" kwaye ikhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwabo, ukuqonda indima ye-SOD njenge-antioxidant yokutya.

Izicelo kuMayeza kunye noNonophelo lwezeMpilo

Unyango oluchasene nokudumba: I-SOD ijongwa njenge-antioxidant yonyango. Imveliso yenkomo SOD Orgotein isetyenzisiwe (i-FDA-evunyiweyo) ukunyanga ukuvuvukala kunye nokulimala okubangelwa yi-radiation kubantu nakwizilwanyana. Ngokufanayo, i-SOD-enriched formulations (umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-topical okanye i-injection) iphandwa ukuze kuncitshiswe umonakalo we-oxidative kwizicubu.

Iimodeli zeSifo kunye nezilingo: Uphando lubonisa ukuba i-SOD inokukhusela kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, inaliti ye-SOD yovavanyo ithintele isifo sokubola kwiimpuku ngokuthintela iindlela ezivuthayo. Ukugqithiswa kwe-SOD ye-extracellular (SOD3) kwiimodeli zezilwanyana kunciphisa ubunzima be-arthritis kunye nomonakalo we-stroke. Olu phononongo lucebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe amayeza anokuthi asetyenziswe ekudumbeni, kwintliziyo, nakwi-neurological disorder.

Izongezo zeAntioxidant: Izongezelelo ze-SOD zomlomo (i-nutraceuticals) zithandwa kwimpilo jikelele. Omnye umzekelo ngulo Glisodin -ifomula edibanisa i-SOD ephuma kwi-melon kunye nengqolowa ye-gliadin ukukhusela i-enzyme emathunjini. I-Glisodin (i-SOD eyomileyo ye-powder) ihlala isebenza phantsi kokugcinwa kwaye ibonakaliswe ukuphakamisa amanqanaba e-antioxidant egazini lomntu.

I-Biotech & Nophuhliso lweziyobisi: Ukuqhubela phambili kubandakanya ii-SOD zabantu eziphinda-phindaneyo kunye ne-SOD mimetics. Iinkampani ezifana ne-Novartis (Chiron) zinelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza elizinzileyo lee-enzymes ze-SOD ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe. Imingeni yokuhanjiswa (i-SOD yiprotheyini engafuntshwanga kakuhle) ijongwa ngeendlela ezifana ne-PEGylation okanye i-encapsulation.

Iifom zeMarike: Kwicandelo lamachiza, i-SOD ifumaneka njengee-enzymes ezitofwayo (zophando / ukusetyenziswa kweklinikhi), izongezo zomlomo, kunye neengqungquthela zezihloko. Imfuno kumachiza kunye neyeza zonyango licandelo eliphambili lesicelo, elibonisa indima yalo ekukhuseleni ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kunye nonyango lwe-niche.

Usetyenziso lweZithambiso kunye noKhathalelo loBuqu

Ukunyamekelwa kolusu: I-SOD "yinkwenkwezi" ye-antioxidant kwizinto zokuthambisa. Inciphisa iiradicals zasimahla kwi-UV kunye nongcoliseko, eyona nto ingunobangela wokuguga kwesikhumba. Ngokukhupha ezi ROS, i-SOD ikhusela ukuwohloka kwe-collagen kunye ne-elastin, inceda ulusu ukuba luhlale luqinile kwaye lugudile. Uncwadi lwenzululwazi yokuthambisa luphawula ukuba i-SOD ye-topical inokwenza ulusu "luthambe kwaye lube mpuluswa" kwaye lukhuthaze ukunxibelelana kwe-collagen esempilweni.

Ukukhuselwa kwelanga kunye nokuchasana nokudumba: Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba ukusebenzisa i-SOD (ehlala idityaniswa neepeptide ezingena eluswini) konyusa kakhulu ukuxhathisa kwe-UV kulusu lomntu. Ngokomzekelo, ukuqulunqwa kwe-TAT-SOD kwandisa i-erythema encinci (ukutshiswa kwelanga) idosi nge-~ 37% kunye nokusika umonakalo weseli we-UVB-induced ~ 48%. I-SOD nayo ineempembelelo ezichasayo: ikhuselekile (eyiyo ityhefu) kwaye inokunciphisa ubomvu kunye nokucaphuka.

Iimveliso zorhwebo: Iimpawu ezininzi ze-skincare ngoku zibandakanya i-SOD kwiikhrimu, iiserum, i-sunscreens kunye neemveliso zeenwele / iinzipho. Imizekelo eyaziwayo (esekelwe kwiingxelo zeshishini) iquka u-Estée Lauder, uKhetho lukaPaula, iRevitol, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zobuhle baseAsia. Iifom zenoveli ezifana ne-SOD yesityalo esigqunyiweyo (umzekelo. imelon SOD "Extramel") zikwasetyenziswa njengezithako zokulwa noxinzelelo.

Iintsingiselo: Ishishini lezithambiso livelisa izinto ezintsha kunye ne-SOD ngokuyidibanisa nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo (iivithamini, iipeptides) kwimiqulu yokuchasana nokuguga. Kukho imfuno ekhulayo "yokucoca" kunye ne-antioxidants yendalo, ngoko ke ii-SOD ezivela kwisityalo kunye ne-fermentation-derived zithandwa kakhulu.

Ukufumana iSOD: Umgubo, iRecombinant, kunye nababoneleli

Imithombo: I-SOD ye-Industrial yakha yakhutshwa kwizitho zezilwanyana okanye izicubu zezityalo, kodwa isivuno sasiphantsi. Namhlanje uninzi lwe-SOD luveliswa ngokubiliswa kwe-microbial okanye i-biotechnology ephinda iphinda isebenze. Iibhaktheriya, igwele okanye i-algae inokuqulunqwa ukuba ivelise ngokugqithisileyo i-SOD, ivumela iindleko ezingabizi kakhulu, iipowders ze-enzyme ezinkulu.

Recombinant SOD: Ababoneleli abaninzi banikezela nge-SOD yomntu okanye yesityalo, eqinisekisa umgangatho ongaguqukiyo. Umzekelo, iCu/Zn-SOD yomntu ibonakaliswe kuyo E. coli kunye negwele kwisivuno esikhulu. Imveliso ye-recombinant ikwavumela ubunjineli (umzekelo, i-thermostable okanye i-PEGylated variants) ukuphucula ukusebenza.

Iifom zeMveliso: I-SOD ngokuqhelekileyo inikezelwa njenge-lyophilized (eyomisiweyo) umgubo kunye neeyunithi zomsebenzi ezichaziweyo ngemg. Isenokwenziwa kwakhona kwii-capsules, iipilisi, okanye iigranules zezongezelelo, kwaye zixutywe ngaphambili kwiikhrimu okanye izithako zokutya. Idatha yokuzinza (ubomi beshelufu, ukunyamezela ukushisa) kubalulekile; ezinye ii powders zeSOD ezinelungelo elilodwa lomenzi zihlala zisebenza iminyaka kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi.

Ababoneleli abakhulu: Iinkampani ezininzi ze-biotechnology zithengisa umgubo we-SOD kunye nee-enzymes. Ezi ziquka abathengisi be-reagent jikelele (i-Sigma-Aldrich, i-Roche, i-Enzo Life Sciences, njl.) kunye nabavelisi abakhethekileyo (umzekelo, i-Amano Enzyme eJapan, i-Luminex, i-Creative Enzymes). Xa ukhangela a "Umthengisi we-SOD powder", abathengi bamashishini bavame ukufuna ukucoceka okuphezulu, i-SOD echazwe kakuhle (imithombo edibeneyo ixhaphake).

I-Recombinant vs. Indalo: Ukunikezelwa kweemarike kubandakanya zombini i-SOD "yendalo" (umzekelo, i-melon extracts, i-Patent yeast SODs) kunye ne-recombinant. I-Recombinant SOD idla ngokuthandwa kwi-pharma / ekutyeni kobunyulu kunye nokungaguquguquki okusemthethweni. Kwizinto zokuthambisa, izicatshulwa zeSOD zebhotani zinokuthengiselwa ileyibhile yendalo, kodwa yonke imithombo yenza ikhemistry efanayo yokuguqula.

IiNdlela zeMarike kunye nokuGxininisa kwiNgingqi

Imfuno ekhulayo: Lilonke, imfuno ye-SOD iqhutywa yimpilo kunye nokwaluphala kwabantu. Imarike ibandakanya amayeza (unyango), i-nutraceuticals (izongezo/ukutya), kunye nokhathalelo lomntu. Abahlalutyi baqaphela ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwe-SOD kwisondlo sezemidlalo, ukutya okusebenzayo, kunye nokhathalelo lwesikhumba.

Uqulunqo olukwinqanaba eliphezulu: Umkhwa ziinkqubo zokuhanjiswa kweenoveli ze-SOD - i-liposomal kunye ne-nano-encapsulated SOD ziphantsi kophuhliso lokuphucula ukuxhamla kunye nokuzinza emzimbeni. Ezi teknoloji zijolise ekoyiseni ukungazinzi kwangaphakathi kwe-SOD kunye nokwenza ukuba iimveliso zomlomo zisebenze ngakumbi okanye zezihloko.

Amagqabantshintshi eNgingqi:

UMntla Melika: Inamandla kakhulu kwi-pharma / therapeutics kunye nezongezelelo zokutya (i-R & D ephezulu, inkcitho yabathengi).

IYurophu: Imakethi esekiweyo igxile kwiimveliso zempilo yendalo kunye nemithetho engqongqo yezithambiso/i-pharma.

Asia-Pacific: Ukukhula okukhawulezayo (iTshayina, iJapan, iKorea, iIndiya). Ukukhula kokhathalelo lwesikhumba kunye neemarike ezichasene nokwaluphala kunye nokusetyenziswa okukhulayo kwemfuno yamafutha esondlo sesintu. Ngokomzekelo, iChina inemigangatho esemgangathweni yokutya okunempilo okune-SOD.

Ihlabathi liphela: ELatin America nakuMbindi Mpuma/N. I-Afrika ibonisa ukukhula okuphakathi kweemveliso zempilo kunye notyalo-mali lwebhayoloji.

Ukuqukumbela / Ukusonga isishwankathelo

Amanqaku aphambili: I-SOD sisithako esisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi ngenxa ye-enzyme-based antioxidant mechanism. Ekutyeni, igcina umgangatho kwaye ityebisa iimveliso zempilo; kwi-pharma ihlolwe ukunyanga umonakalo we-oxidative kwaye ivunyiwe ukusetyenziswa kwi-niche zonyango; kwizithambiso ikhusela kwaye ivuselela ulusu.

Umbutho: Inqaku elakhiwe kakuhle liya kwazisa isayensi ye-SOD (inkqubo, iintlobo), emva koko ihlolisise kwicandelo ngalinye leshishini (Ukutya, i-Pharma, i-Cosmetics) kunye neenkcukacha zobugcisa (iindlela zokusabela, imizekelo, iimveliso) kunye nomxholo wemarike. Ekugqibeleni, faka icandelo kwi-SOD ye-sourcing (i-powder vs. recombinant) ukujongana nokugxila kwegama elingundoqo kwi-"SOD powder suppliers." Icandelo ngalinye kufuneka licaphule uphando lwangoku okanye idatha yoshishino ukwanelisa imfuno yobunzulu bobugcisa.

Inqaku lokugqibela: Ukugqamisa imizekelo yeemveliso (umzekelo, ukutya okutyetyisiweyo kwe-SOD, i-Orgotein, i-SOD kwi-skincare) kunye nedatha yesayensi (umsebenzi we-enzyme, umatshini) uya kubhenela kubo bobabini abafundi bezobugcisa kunye neengcali zoshishino. Inqaku kufuneka lilungelelanise iinkcukacha zenzululwazi (i-metal cofactors, reaction kinetics) nolwazi olusebenzayo (izicelo, iintsingiselo zemarike, ababoneleli) ukubandakanya abaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo.