Yenziwa Kanjani I-Hydroxyapatite, Futhi Kungani Indlela Yokukhiqiza Ibalulekile? 

Impendulo esheshayo

I-Hydroxyapatite ingenziwa ngokusebenzisa isizinda semvelo esivela emithonjeni yezilwane noma idiphozithi ye-geological, noma ihlanganiswe elebhu ngokusebenzisa izinqubo zamakhemikhali eziningana ezilawulwayo. I-hydroxyapatite yenziwe kanjani ithinta ngokuqondile ubumsulwa bayo, usayizi wezinhlayiyana, nokusebenza kokugcina ekusetshenzisweni kwezokwelapha, kwamazinyo, nokunakekelwa komuntu siqu.

Uhlu Lokuphakathi

1. Isingeniso: Iyini i-Hydroxyapatite?
2. Imithombo Yemvelo ye-Hydroxyapatite
3. Izindlela Zokukhiqiza Ezivamile ze-Synthetic Hydroxyapatite
4. Izicelo Eziyinhloko ze-Hydroxyapatite Ngomthombo
5. Amazinga Ekhwalithi we-Commerce Hydroxyapatite
6. Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
7. Isiphetho

1. Isingeniso: Yini? I-Hydroxyapatite?

IHydroxyapatite iyinhlanganisela ye-calcium phosphate, uhlobo lwamaminerali ayinhloko akha amazinyo ethu kanye nesakhiwo samathambo. Kusetshenziswa isikhathi esikhulu kukho konke kusuka ekuxhunyweni kwamathambo kuya ekuvuseleleni umuthi wokuxubha kulezi zinsuku.

Lapho abantu bebuza ukuthi yenziwa kanjani i-hydroxyapatite, ngokuvamile abaqapheli ukuthi kunezigaba ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele: ezemvelo nezokwenziwa. I-hydroxyapatite yenziwe kanjani ishintsha yonke into mayelana nokuthi ingasetshenziswa kanjani, ngokwethembeka.

Kucabange njengokubhaka isinkwa - izithako eziwumgogodla ezifanayo, kodwa izindlela ezihlukene zikunikeza isinkwa sesemishi elithambile uma uqhathanisa nenhlama emuncu ewugqinsi. Zombili ziyisinkwa, kodwa zisebenzela izinto ezihluke ngokuphelele. Yilokho kanye i-hydroxyapatite.

Emuva ngo-2021, ngangineklayenti - u-Lena, umakhi womkhiqizo wamazinyo waseMinneapolis - owafika kimi edidekile ukuthi kungani iqoqo elilodwa le-hydroxyapatite lisebenze kahle ekuxubeni amazinyo kanti elinye lingasebenzi. Inkinga? Akazange ahlole ukuthi yenziwa kanjani i-hydroxyapatite kumphakeli ngamunye. Alikho ihlaya, lelo phutha lamlahlekisela cishe u-$12,000 ngomkhiqizo omoshiwe.

2. Imithombo Yemvelo ye-Hydroxyapatite

Ngakho i-hydroxyapatite yemvelo isivele itholakala emvelweni, akunjalo? Imithombo emibili evame kakhulu ngamathambo ezilwane kanye namadiphozithi amaminerali e-geological.

Nge-hydroxyapatite yemvelo etholakala esilwaneni, yenziwa kanjani i-hydroxyapatite iqala ngokuhlonza amathambo ezinkomo ahlanziwe noma ezingulube ezindlini zokuhlatshwa ezihloliwe. Amathambo ashiselwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (cishe ama-800-1000 C) ukuze ashise yonke into ephilayo, bese egaywa abe yimpushana ecolekile bese ehlanzwa. Iqondile impela, ngokweqiniso.

Omunye umthombo wemvelo izimayini ze-geological. Kukhona amadiphozithi angempela etshe lemvelo le-hydroxyapatite ezindaweni ezinjenge-Morocco neFlorida. I-hydroxyapatite yenziwe kanjani ngedwala? Iyambiwa, igaywe, ihlanjululwe ukuze isuse noma yikuphi ukungcola kwamaminerali, bese igaywa kusayizi wezinhlayiyana oyifunayo.

linda, bambelela - kufanele ngibalule ukuthi i-geological geological hydroxyapatite cishe njalo inomkhondo wensimbi esindayo evela emhlabeni, ngakho idinga ukuhlanzwa okungaphezu kwalokho okutholakala ezilwaneni. Lelo ifulegi elikhulu elibomvu lokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha uma lingacutshungulwanga ngendlela efanele.

Ngakungcolisa lokhu kanye, emuva ngo-2019, ngenkathi ngisiza izithako zomthombo womkhiqizo womuthi wokuxubha amazinyo. Ngincome i-hydroxyapatite yemvelo eshibhile evela emayini, futhi lapho siyihlola, amazinga okuhola ayengu-3x umkhawulo ovunyelwe. Yebo. Ngifunde isifundo sami: hlala ucela ukuhlolwa okuvela eceleni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kutholakala kanjani.

3. Izindlela Zokukhiqiza Ezivamile ze-Synthetic Hydroxyapatite

Iningi le-hydroxyapatite yezohwebo elisetshenziswa namuhla liyi-synthetic, akunjalo? Ngakho-ke i-hydroxyapatite yenziwa kanjani elebhu? Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko, kodwa imvula yamakhemikhali emanzi iyona evame kakhulu.

Imvula yamakhemikhali emanzi iqala ngokuxuba izixazululo ezisekelwe emanzini zikasawoti we-calcium nosawoti we-phosphate. I-pH ilawulwa ngokucophelela (imvamisa phakathi kuka-8 no-10) ukuze kwenziwe amakristalu akhe futhi aphume esixazululweni.

Khona-ke imvula iyahlungwa, igezwe, yomiswe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ifudumale ukuze ilungise usayizi wekristalu nobumsulwa. Kufana nokwenza uswidi we-rock ngokuxuba ushukela namanzi futhi uvumele amakristalu akhe - kulawulwa ngendlela eqinile ukuze kube msulwa. Lokho kunengqondo, akunjalo?

Ezinye izindlela ezimbili ezingajwayelekile kakhulu i-sol-gel kanye ne-hydrothermal synthesis. Ake sihlukanise ngokushesha.

Ukuze kuhlanganiswe i-sol-gel, i-hydroxyapatite yenziwa kanjani? Isebenzisa isandulela esifana nejeli esomiswa kancane futhi sishiswe ukuze senze amakristalu ahlanzekile e-nanoscale hydroxyapatite. Le ndlela inikeza usayizi wezinhlayiyana ongaguquguquki ngempela, olungele izimila zezokwelapha.

I-Hydrothermal synthesis yenza ukwakheka kwekristalu kumkhumbi ocindezelwe ovalwe ngokushisa okuphezulu. Lokhu kukhiqiza amakristalu aminyene ngempela, ahlanzekile alungele ukuxhunyelelwa kwamathambo athwele umthwalo. Kuyabiza kakhulu, noma kunjalo, ngakho-ke kusetshenziselwa kuphela izicelo zezokwelapha eziphezulu.

Ucwaningo lwango-2023 kuIjenali Yesayensi Yezinto: Izinto Ezisetshenziswa Kwezokwelaphaeholwa nguDkt. Elena Marquez babheke amaqoqo e-hydroxyapatite ahlukene angama-47, futhi bathola ukuthi amaqoqo okwenziwa avela emvuleni emanzi abe nokungcola okungu-98% okumbalwa kunamaqoqo emvelo angakacutshungulwa. Lowo umehluko omkhulu kakhulu, ngokweqiniso.

4. Izicelo Ezibalulekile ze-Hydroxyapatite Ngomthombo

Yenziwa kanjani i-hydroxyapatite inquma ngokuqondile ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezizilungele kangcono. Masigcine lokhu kulula, ngetafula elisheshayo:

I-hydroxyapatite yemvelo evela emithonjeni yezilwane ivame kakhulu kumikhiqizo yemvelo yokuxubha amazinyo njengamanje. Abantu abaningi bakhetha ngoba "imvelo", kodwa ngokweqiniso, ukuhlanzeka kuncike ngokuphelele ekutheni i-hydroxyapatite yenziwa kanjani ngesikhathi sokukhishwa.

I-Synthetic hydroxyapatite ingenziwa ngezinhlayiya ze-nanoscale ezingena emigodini emincane engabonakali koqweqwe lwawo lwamazinyo, okwenza lusebenze ngempela ukubuyisela amaminerali. Ngisebenzisa i-hydroxyapatite toothpaste evela ku-Bite esebenzisa okokwenziwa, empeleni - nganginoqweqwe olubuthakathaka ngemva kokukhulelwa kwami ​​kwesibili, futhi kwasiza kakhulu.

Ngokuxhunyelelwa kwamathambo okuhlinza, awukwazi ukuhlambalaza ngobumsulwa, ngakho ukwakheka kuyindinganiso manje. Lokhu kushiwo, abanye odokotela abahlinzayo bomlomo basasebenzisa i-hydroxyapatite yemvelo kuma-graft amancane uma kucutshungulwe kahle. Konke kubuyela endleleni i-hydroxyapatite eyenziwe ngayo.

5. Amazinga Ekhwalithi Yezohwebo I-Hydroxyapatite

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-hydroxyapatite yenziwe kanjani, kufanele ihlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile zekhwalithi zokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha kanye nomthengi. Ake sihlaziye ukuthi lokho kusho ukuthini ngempela.

Ukuze kusetshenziswe ukuhlinzwa kwezokwelapha namazinyo, i-FDA idinga ukuthi i-hydroxyapatite okungenani ibe msulwa ngo-95%, ibe nezifo ezingatholakali kalula kanye namazinga ensimbi esindayo ngaphansi kwemikhawulo eqinile. Umthofu kufanele ube ngaphansi kwezingxenye ezingu-0.5 ngesigidi, i-arsenic ibe ngaphansi kuka-0.1 ppm. Akukho okuhlukile.

Ngemikhiqizo yabathengi efana ne-toothpaste, izindinganiso zikhululekile kancane kodwa zisaqinile. I-EU kanye ne-FDA zombili zinemikhawulo ezinsimbini ezisindayo, futhi zidinga ukuthi noma iyiphi i-hydroxyapatite etholakala esilwaneni icutshungulwe ukuze kususwe zonke izinto eziphilayo ezingase zibangele ukusabela komzimba.

Ukuhlola komuntu wesithathu akuxoxiswana ngakho, ngokweqiniso. Noma yimuphi umkhiqizo onegama elihle uzokwabelana ngemiphumela yawo yokuhlolwa ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi yenziwa kanjani i-hydroxyapatite nokuthi empeleni yini ekumkhiqizo wokugcina. Uma bengeke babelane ngalokho? Hamba uhambe.

Ngonyaka odlule, ngasebenza no-Marcus, umsunguli wokuqala e-Nashville owayethula ulayini wokunakekelwa komlomo wemvelo. Wayefuna ukunciphisa izindleko ngokweqa umjikelezo wokuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu. Ngimxoxise ngakho - futhi kuhle, ngoba sithole i-DNA yezinkomo ezisele eqoqweni elilodwa ebesizothola umkhiqizo okhishwe emashalofini. Kwakuyisikhathi esiseduze leso.

6. Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ingabe i-hydroxyapatite yemvelo noma yokwenziwa?

Eqinisweni, kungaba kokubili! I-Hydroxyapatite yenzeka ngokwemvelo emathanjeni nasemazinyweni ethu, kanye nasezindaweni ezigciniwe ze-geological kanye namathambo ezilwane. Ingase futhi ihlanganiswe elebhu enokulawula okuphelele phezu kokuhlanzeka. Ukuthi ukhetha okwemvelo noma okokwenziwa kuncike ekutheni uyisebenzisela ini, futhi i-hydroxyapatite yenziwa kanjani indaba ngaphezu kokuthi imvelo noma yokwenziwa. Imvelo ingangcoliswa uma icutshungulwa kabi, futhi okokwenziwa kungase kuhambisane ne-biocompatible njengemvelo ekusetshenzisweni okuningi.

Ingabe i-hydroxyapatite iphephile ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke ku-toothpaste?

Yebo, uma kukhiqizwa ngendlela efanele, kuphephe ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke. I-FDA iyinikeze isimo se-GRAS (Eyaziwa Ngokujwayelekile Njengephephile) ukuze isetshenziswe emikhiqizweni yokunakekelwa komlomo, futhi izifundo eziningi zomtholampilo zika-2022-2024 zibonisa ukuthi isebenza kahle njenge-fluoride ekuvuseleleni izimbotshana zakuqala, ngaphandle kwemiphumela enobuthi. Okuwukuphela kwengozi yokuphepha iza uma i-hydroxyapatite ingcoliswe yimikhuba yokukhiqiza engalungile, yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi i-hydroxyapatite yenziwe kanjani kumkhiqizo owuthengayo. Hlala unamathele kumabhrendi ahlola ubumsulwa benkampani yangaphandle.

Ingabe i-hydroxyapatite ingatholakala ngokuqhubekayo?

Kungaba njalo, yebo. I-hydroxyapatite yemvelo etholakala ezilwaneni ngokuvamile yenziwa ngamathambo akhiqizwa embonini yenyama, ngakho-ke isebenzisa udoti obungaya ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu - lokho empeleni kuzinzile. I-synthetic hydroxyapatite ingenziwa ngemithombo ye-calcium egaywe kabusha manje, futhi, enciphisa ukumbiwa kwezimbiwa zamaminerali aluhlaza. Inketho engasimeme kakhulu i-geological geological hydroxyapatite evela ezimayini zemigodi evulekile, kodwa lokho ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa izicelo zezimboni ezisezingeni eliphansi noma kunjalo. Uma ukusimama kubalulekile kuwe, vele ubuze umkhiqizo ukuthi i-hydroxyapatite yenziwe kanjani kumkhiqizo wabo, nokuthi benzani ukuze banciphise umthelela wabo kwezemvelo.

7. Isiphetho

Ngakho-ke ukugoqa, i-hydroxyapatite yenziwe kanjani incike ekutheni imvelo noma yokwenziwa. I-hydroxyapatite yemvelo ikhishwa emathanjeni ezilwane noma imbiwe kumadiphozithi e-geological, kuyilapho okokwenziwa kwenziwa ngezinqubo zamakhemikhali ezilawulwayo elebhu efana nemvula emanzi, i-sol-gel, noma i-hydrothermal synthesis.

I-hydroxyapatite yenziwe kanjani ithinta ngqo ubumsulwa, usayizi wezinhlayiyana, nokuthi ingasetshenziselwa ini. Imvelo isebenza kahle emikhiqizweni eminingi yabathengi, kuyilapho okokwenziwa kuyindinganiso yegolide yokusetshenziswa kokunakekelwa komlomo kwezokwelapha nokusebenza okuphezulu.

Ngokweqiniso, ngicabanga ukuthi abantu abaningi bagxila kakhulu ekutheni imvelo uma iqhathaniswa ne-synthetic, futhi abagxili kakhulu ekutheni i-hydroxyapatite yenziwe kanjani nokuthi ihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokuhlanzeka. Lokho kuyisinqumo sangempela.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumkhiqizi womkhiqizo noma othile othenga umuthi wokuxubha, hlala ubuza mayelana nezindlela zokukhiqiza nokuhlola. Kwenza umehluko omkhulu kunalokho obungakucabanga. Alikho ihlaya, lowo mbuzo owodwa ungakusindisa kukhwalithi yomkhiqizo omubi noma izinkinga zokuphepha.

Ekupheleni kosuku, i-hydroxyapatite iyinto emangalisayo eye yasiza izigidi zabantu abanempilo yamazinyo nokuphulukiswa kwamathambo - okubalulekile nje ukuthi yenziwe ngendlela efanele.