Bincike mai zurfi na superoxide dismutase (SOD): "Mai kula da antioxidant" na jiki. 

Lokacin da muke magana game da tsufa da lafiya, sau da yawa muna jin kalmar "antioxidant." Amma shin kun san cewa jikinmu yana da tsarin kariya na kariya na musamman, kuma superoxide dismutase (SOD) shine ainihin memba na wannan tsarin? Yana aiki kamar amintaccen “mai ɓarna mai ɓacin rai,” koyaushe yana kare ƙwayoyin mu daga lalacewar iskar oxygen. A yau, bari mu kalli wannan “mai kula da tsufa.”

Fahimtar Radicals 'Yanci: "Masu Kisan Ganuwa" na Kwayoyin

Kafin fahimtar SOD, da farko muna buƙatar fahimtar ainihin manufarsa - radicals kyauta.

A taƙaice, radicals free radicals ne marasa ƙarfi da aka samar a lokacin metabolism na jiki, kuma superoxide anion radicals (O₂⁻) sune nau'in gama gari da cutarwa.

Superoxide anion radicals ana samar da su ta hanyoyi da yawa: ana haifar da su ta dabi'a a lokacin numfashi na mitochondrial, kuma matakan su suna karuwa sosai ta hanyar gurbatar muhalli, ultraviolet radiation, electromagnetic radiation (kamar yin amfani da na'urorin lantarki na tsawon lokaci), motsa jiki mai tsanani, damuwa na tunani, da halaye marasa kyau irin su shan taba da shan barasa.

Wadannan radicals na kyauta suna da na'urorin lantarki da ba a haɗa su ba kuma suna da karfin gaske, suna aiki kamar "'yan fashi" waɗanda ke satar electrons daga sel na al'ada, wanda ke haifar da lalacewa tantanin halitta, maye gurbin DNA, da denaturation na furotin.

Wannan lalacewar tantanin halitta ta hanyar radicals kyauta ana kiranta "danniya mai oxidative," kuma kamar tsatsa na ƙarfe, ƙwayoyin mu a hankali suna "shekaru" a cikin wannan tsari.

Nazarin ya nuna cewa damuwa na oxidative yana da alaƙa da abubuwan da suka faru da ci gaban cututtuka da yawa, ciki har da tsufa, arthritis, cututtukan zuciya, cututtukan neurodegenerative, har ma da ciwon daji.

SOD: "Layin farko na tsaro" na tsarin antioxidant na jiki.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) metalloenzyme antioxidant ne wanda ke yaɗuwa a cikin rayayyun halittu kuma yana da mahimman ayyukan ilimin halitta.

Babban aikinsa shi ne ya haifar da rashin daidaituwar halayen superoxide anion radicals (.O2-), yana mai da su zuwa hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) da oxygen (O2).  Daga nan sai a kara rushe hydrogen peroxide zuwa ruwa marar lahani ta hanyar wasu enzymes na antioxidant (kamar catalase da glutathione peroxidase), don haka kawar da radicals kyauta da kuma kare kwayoyin halitta daga lalacewa.

SOD yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen rigakafin cututtuka da inganta garkuwar ɗan adam, kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin matakan rigakafin tsufa, ƙwayoyin cuta, da ƙwayoyin cuta.

SOD: Abun rigakafin tsufa, gano canjin duniya.

Masana kimiyya sun fara gano SOD kuma sun yi nazari a cikin 1930s. A shekara ta 1938, kwararre a fannin nazarin halittu na Amurka Michael McCord, a karkashin jagorancin Fredrick Fridovich, ya yi nasarar fitar da superoxide dismutase (SOD) daga cikin jajayen kwayoyin jinin bovine a karon farko. A cikin 1988, mashahuran masana kimiyya uku-Ferid Murad, Robert Furchgott, da Louis Ignarro, waɗanda daga baya suka ci kyautar Nobel a fannin likitanci-an sanar da duniya:

"Rashi da raguwar ayyukan SOD sune ainihin abubuwan da ke haifar da tsufa, rashin lafiya, da mutuwa. Ƙarin SOD na iya rigakafi da magance cututtuka daban-daban da jinkirta tsufa."

Dangane da ion karfe da ke daure zuwa rukunin yanar gizon su, SODs an raba su zuwa rukuni hudu:

Rarraba da rarraba SOD

Cu/Zn-SOD: Blue-kore a launi, galibi ana samun su a cikin cytoplasm na ƙwayoyin eukaryotic, kuma shine nau'in SOD da aka fi rarrabawa. SOD a cikin ƙwayoyin jajayen jinin ɗan adam da ƙwayoyin hanta galibi irin wannan.

Mn-SOD: Pink a launi, galibi ana samun shi a cikin mitochondria na prokaryotes da eukaryotes, kuma yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye aikin mitochondrial.

Fe-SOD: Launi mai launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa, wanda aka fara gano shi a cikin *Escherichia coli*, kuma galibi ana samunsa a cikin sel prokaryotic da chloroplasts na wasu ƴan ƙwayoyin shuka.

Ni-SOD: Emerald kore mai launi, galibi ana samunsa a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta kamar cyanobacteria, koren algae, da * Streptomyces*.

Tushen da samfuran samfuran SOD

SOD na halitta yana yadu a cikin dabbobi, tsire-tsire, da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, amma hakar kai tsaye yana fuskantar matsaloli kamar ƙarancin inganci da rashin kwanciyar hankali. A halin yanzu, samfuran SOD na kasuwanci galibi suna fitowa daga tushe masu zuwa:

Tushen dabba: Abubuwan farko da aka fi samo su daga jinin dabbobi kamar shanu da tumaki (Cu/Zn-SOD). Koyaya, waɗannan samfuran suna da babban nauyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta kuma ana samun sauƙin karyewa ta hanyar acid ciki lokacin shan baki.  Bugu da ƙari, abubuwan da aka samo daga dabba na iya haifar da allergies ko ɗaukar ƙwayoyin cuta.

Tushen tsire-tsire: Ana fitar da su daga wasu tsire-tsire (kamar buckthorn na teku da spirulina), amma aikin su yana da sauƙi ta hanyar cirewa da yanayin ajiya, kuma ana samun sauƙin rushe su ta hanyar enzymes masu narkewa lokacin da aka dauka ta baki, yana haifar da ƙananan bioavailability.  Wasu kafofin kuma suna da tsadar hakowa ko ƙila sun ƙunshi adadin ƙazanta da aka samu daga shuka.

Haɗin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta (musamman ta yin amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda aka sake haɗa su) ya zama cikakkiyar hanya don samar da SOD na kasuwanci, tare da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci:

Amintacce kuma marar haɗari: Yana guje wa yuwuwar kamuwa da cuta mai saurin kamuwa da cuta (kamar cutar hauka) da haɗarin rigakafi na tushen dabba (kamar jinin nama), yana tabbatar da babban aminci.

Yawan amfanin ƙasa da ƙananan kuɗi: Ta hanyar fasahar injiniyan kwayoyin halitta, ƙwayoyin cuta da aka ƙera kamar E. coli da yisti za a iya gyaggyarawa don bayyana ingantaccen nau'in SOD da mutum ya samu ko takamaiman nau'in. Yawan amfanin gona ya zarce na hakowar dabbobi da shuka, yana rage farashin samarwa sosai.

Babban tsabta da ingantaccen inganci: An samar da shi a cikin rufaffiyar, tankuna masu bakararre bakararre, tsarin yana da sauƙin sarrafawa da sauƙi don tsarkake ƙasa. Samfurin ƙarshe yana da babban tsabta da daidaiton inganci tsakanin batches.

Babu gardama na ɗabi'a: Gabaɗayan tsarin samarwa baya haɗa da yankan dabbobi ko lalata manyan tsire-tsire, bin kariyar muhalli kore da buƙatun ɗabi'a na jindadin dabbobi.

Samfuran SOD

Shirye-shiryen allura: An yi amfani da su azaman magungunan likitanci don maganin cututtukan osteoarthritis, ciwon radiation, da sauransu.  Sake haɗawa da SOD na ɗan adam shine zaɓin da aka fi so don aikace-aikacen asibiti saboda babban bayanin martabarsa.

Shirye-shiryen baka: Ciki har da capsules, lozenges, da sauransu, wasu samfuran suna amfani da nanotechnology ko gyare-gyaren glycosylation don inganta yanayin rayuwa.

Additives na kwaskwarima: Ana amfani da su don kaddarorin antioxidant don jinkirta tsufan fata. Recombinant SOD na iya zama "ƙananan" ta hanyar injiniyan kwayoyin halitta, yana sa ya zama sauƙi don shiga cikin stratum corneum na fata da kuma yin tasiri mai zurfi na antioxidant.

Abincin lafiya: An ƙara azaman sinadari na antioxidant zuwa abinci na lafiya daban-daban. Ana amfani da SOD da aka samu na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙirƙirar foda na furotin, probiotics, da sauran abinci saboda ƙarancin farashi da aminci mai girma.