Kev tsom xam qhov tob ntawm superoxide dismutase (SOD): Lub cev tus kheej "tus neeg saib xyuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant" 

Thaum peb tham txog kev laus thiab kev noj qab haus huv, peb feem ntau hnov lo lus "antioxidant." Tab sis koj puas paub tias peb lub cev muaj cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kab mob antioxidant, thiab superoxide dismutase (SOD) yog cov tswv cuab tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab ke no? Nws ua zoo li loyal "dawb radical scavenger," tiv thaiv peb cov hlwb los ntawm kev puas tsuaj oxidative. Niaj hnub no, cia peb saib ze rau ntawm "tus saib xyuas kev laus."

Nkag siab Dawb Radicals: "Cov Neeg Tsis Pom Kev" ntawm Cells

Ua ntej nkag siab SOD, peb yuav tsum xub nkag siab nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb - dawb radicals.

Yooj yim muab tso, dawb radicals yog cov tsis ruaj khov molecules uas tsim thaum lub sij hawm lub cev metabolism, thiab superoxide anion radicals (O₂⁻) yog cov feem ntau pom thiab teeb meem.

Superoxide anion radicals yog tsim los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev: lawv ib txwm tsim thaum lub sij hawm ua pa mitochondrial, thiab lawv cov qib tau nce ntau los ntawm ib puag ncig muaj kuab lom, hluav taws xob ultraviolet, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob (xws li siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntev), kev tawm dag zog, kev nyuaj siab, thiab kev ua neej tsis zoo xws li haus luam yeeb thiab haus cawv.

Cov dawb radicals no muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis sib xws thiab muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo heev, ua yeeb yam zoo li "tub sab" uas nyiag cov hluav taws xob los ntawm lub cev ib txwm muaj, ua rau cov cell membrane puas, DNA hloov pauv, thiab protein denaturation.

Qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm tes no los ntawm cov dawb radicals hu ua "oxidative stress," thiab ib yam li hlau xeb, peb cov hlwb maj mam "hnub nyoog" hauv cov txheej txheem no.

Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias oxidative kev nyuaj siab yog ze rau qhov tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam kab mob, xws li kev laus, mob caj dab, kab mob plawv, kab mob neurodegenerative, thiab txawm tias mob qog noj ntshav.

SOD: "thawj kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv" ntawm lub cev antioxidant system.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) yog ib qho antioxidant metalloenzyme dav dav hauv cov kab mob uas muaj sia nyob thiab muaj cov haujlwm lom neeg tseem ceeb heev.

Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis sib xws ntawm superoxide anion radicals (.O2-), hloov mus rau hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) thiab oxygen (O2).  Hydrogen peroxide yog tom qab ntawd ntxiv rau hauv dej tsis zoo los ntawm lwm cov enzymes antioxidant (xws li catalase thiab glutathione peroxidase), yog li tshem tawm cov dawb radicals thiab tiv thaiv cov hlwb los ntawm kev puas tsuaj oxidative.

SOD ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab txhim kho tib neeg kev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv kev laus, tiv thaiv qog, thiab tiv thaiv kab mob.

SOD: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev laus, kev tshawb pom hloov pauv hauv ntiaj teb.

SOD tau pom thawj zaug thiab kawm los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb hauv xyoo 1930s. Xyoo 1938, American biomolecular kws tshaj lij Michael McCord, nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Fredrick Fridovich, tau ntse rho tawm superoxide dismutase (SOD) los ntawm bovine cov qe ntshav liab thawj zaug. Xyoo 1988, peb tus kws tshawb fawb muaj npe nrov-Ferid Murad, Robert Furchgott, thiab Louis Ignarro, uas tom qab ntawd yeej tau txais txiaj ntsig Nobel hauv Tshuaj- tshaj tawm rau lub ntiaj teb:

"Kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus thiab txo qis ntawm SOD yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg kev laus, kev mob, thiab kev tuag. Kev txhawb nqa SOD tuaj yeem tiv thaiv thiab kho ntau yam kab mob thiab ncua kev laus."

Raws li cov hlau ion khi rau lawv qhov chaw nquag, SODs feem ntau muab faib ua plaub pawg:

Kev faib tawm thiab kev faib tawm ntawm SOD

Cu/Zn-SOD: Xiav-ntsuab nyob rau hauv cov xim, feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm ntawm eukaryotic hlwb, thiab yog feem ntau dav faib hom ntawm SOD. SOD nyob rau hauv tib neeg cov qe ntshav liab thiab lub siab hlwb feem ntau yog hom no.

Mn-SOD: Paj yeeb nyob rau hauv cov xim, feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv mitochondria ntawm prokaryotes thiab eukaryotes, thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tswj mitochondrial muaj nuj nqi.

Fe-SOD: Yellowish-xim av nyob rau hauv cov xim, pib pom nyob rau hauv * Escherichia coli *, thiab feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv prokaryotic hlwb thiab chloroplasts ntawm ob peb lub hlwb cog.

Ni-SOD: Emerald ntsuab hauv cov xim, feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov kab mob qis xws li cyanobacteria, ntsuab algae, thiab * Streptomyces *.

Cov peev txheej thiab cov qauv khoom ntawm SOD

Ntuj SOD muaj dav nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj, nroj tsuag, thiab kab mob, tab sis ncaj qha extraction ntsib teeb meem xws li tsis tshua muaj efficiency thiab tsis zoo stability. Tam sim no, cov khoom lag luam muaj SOD feem ntau yog los ntawm cov hauv qab no:

Tsiaj qhov chaw: Cov khoom thaum ntxov tau muab rho tawm los ntawm cov ntshav ntawm cov tsiaj xws li nyuj thiab yaj (Cu/Zn-SOD). Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom no muaj qhov hnyav molecular thiab yooj yim tawg los ntawm plab acid thaum noj qhov ncauj.  Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv los ntawm tsiaj txhu tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis haum lossis nqa cov kab mob.

Cov chaw cog qoob loo: Muab rho tawm los ntawm qee cov nroj tsuag (xws li hiav txwv buckthorn thiab spirulina), tab sis lawv cov dej num tau yooj yim cuam tshuam los ntawm kev rho tawm thiab khaws cia, thiab lawv tau yooj yim tawg los ntawm digestive enzymes thaum noj qhov ncauj, ua rau tsis muaj bioavailability.  Qee qhov chaw kuj muaj cov nqi rho tawm siab lossis tej zaum yuav muaj cov kab mob ntawm cov nroj tsuag los ntawm impurities.

Microbial fermentation (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv cov kab mob recombinant genetically engineered bacteria) tau dhau los ua txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam SOD ntau lawm, nrog rau cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb:

Muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo: Nws zam tag nrho cov kab mob sib kis (xws li kab mob nyuj vwm) thiab tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov tsiaj txhu (xws li cov ntshav bovine), ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb heev.

Cov txiaj ntsig siab thiab tus nqi qis: Los ntawm genetic engineering technology, engineered kab mob xws li E. coli thiab poov xab tuaj yeem hloov kho kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm tib neeg los yog hom SOD. Cov txiaj ntsig tau ntau dua li ntawm cov tsiaj thiab cov nroj tsuag extraction, txo cov nqi ntau lawm.

High purity thiab ruaj khov zoo: Ua nyob rau hauv kaw, sterile fermentation tso tsheb hlau luam, cov txheej txheem yog heev controllable thiab yooj yim rau purify downstream. Cov khoom kawg muaj siab purity thiab zoo ib yam ntawm batch.

Tsis muaj kev sib cav txog kev ncaj ncees: Tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tsis koom nrog kev tua tsiaj lossis kev puas tsuaj loj ntawm cov nroj tsuag, ua raws li kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ntsuab thiab tsiaj txhu kev coj noj coj ua.

SOD cov ntaub ntawv khoom

Kev npaj txhaj tshuaj: Siv los ua cov tshuaj kho mob rau kev kho mob osteoarthritis, mob hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam. Recombinant human SOD yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev siv tshuaj kho mob vim nws qhov kev nyab xeeb siab.

Kev npaj ntawm qhov ncauj: suav nrog tshuaj ntsiav, lozenges, thiab lwm yam, qee cov khoom siv nanotechnology lossis glycosylation hloov kho los txhim kho bioavailability.

Cosmetic additives: Siv rau lawv cov khoom antioxidant kom ncua kev laus ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Recombinant SOD tuaj yeem "tsim" los ntawm kev tsim cov noob caj noob ces, ua rau nws yooj yim rau nkag mus rau hauv stratum corneum ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab ua kom muaj kev sib sib zog nqus antioxidant.

Khoom noj khoom haus noj qab haus huv: Ntxiv ua antioxidant muaj rau ntau yam khoom noj noj qab haus huv. Microbial fermentation-derived SOD feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov hmoov protein, probiotics, thiab lwm yam khoom noj vim nws cov nqi qis thiab kev nyab xeeb siab.