Kuongorora kwakadzama kwe superoxide dismutase (SOD): Muviri wega "antioxidant muchengeti" 

Kana tichitaura nezve kuchembera uye hutano, tinowanzonzwa izwi rekuti "antioxidant." Asi waiziva here kuti miviri yedu ine sophisticated antioxidant defense system, uye superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhengo yepakati yeiyi system? Inoita seyakavimbika "yemahara radical scavenger," inogara ichidzivirira maseru edu kubva mukukuvadzwa kweoxidative. Nhasi, ngatitarisei zvakanyanya kune uyu "anti-aging guardian".

Kunzwisisa Mahara Radicals: Iwo "Vasingaonekwi Vaurayi" veMasero

Tisati tanzwisisa SOD, isu tinotanga tanzwisisa chinangwa chayo chikuru - mahara radicals.

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, mahara radicals mamorekuru asina kugadzikana anogadzirwa panguva yemuviri metabolism, uye superoxide anion radicals (O₂⁻) ndiyo yakajairika uye inokuvadza mhando.

Superoxide anion radicals inogadzirwa kuburikidza nenzira dzakawanda: dzinongogadzirwa panguva yekufema mitochondrial, uye mazinga awo anowedzera zvakanyanya nekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, ultraviolet radiation, electromagnetic radiation (sekushandiswa kwenguva refu kwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi), kurovedza muviri kwakasimba, kushushikana mupfungwa, uye mararamiro asina kunaka akadai sekuputa uye kunwa doro.

Aya mahara radicals ane maerekitironi asina kupetwa uye anoshanda zvakanyanya, achiita se "makororo" anoba maerekitironi kubva mumasero akajairwa, zvichiita kuti cell membrane kukuvara, kuchinja kweDNA, uye mapuroteni denaturation.

Kukuvadzwa kwesero uku kunokonzerwa nemahara radicals kunonzi "oxidative stress," uye sekuita ngura kwesimbi, masero edu zvishoma nezvishoma "anokwegura" mukuita uku.

Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti oxidative kusagadzikana kwakabatana nekuitika uye kukura kwezvirwere zvakawanda, zvinosanganisira kuchembera, arthritis, chirwere chemoyo, neurodegenerative chirwere, uye kunyange cancer.

SOD: Iyo "yekutanga mutsara wekudzivirira" yemuviri antioxidant system.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) ndeye antioxidant metalloenzyme inowanikwa zvakanyanya muzvinhu zvipenyu uye ine yakakosha kwazvo biological chiitiko.

Basa rayo guru nderekukonzera kusawirirana kwemaitiro e superoxide anion radicals (.O2-), kuvashandura kuva hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) uye oksijeni (O2).  Hydrogen peroxide inozowedzera kuputsika mumvura isingakuvadzi nemamwe ma enzymes e-antioxidant (akadai secatalase uye glutathione peroxidase), nokudaro kubvisa mahara radicals uye kudzivirira masero kubva mukukuvadzwa kweoxidative.

SOD inoita basa rakakosha mukudzivirira zvirwere nekuvandudza kusadzivirirwa kwevanhu, uye inoitawo basa rakakosha mukurwisa kuchembera, anti-tumor, uye anti-inflammatory process.

SOD: Chinhu chinorwisa kuchembera, kuwanikwa kunoshandura nyika.

SOD yakatanga kuwanikwa nekudzidzwa nemasayendisiti muma1930s. Muna 1938, nyanzvi yekuAmerica yebiomolecular Michael McCord, achitungamirirwa naFredrick Fridovich, akabudirira kubvisa superoxide dismutase (SOD) kubva mumasero matsvuku eropa kekutanga. Muna 1988, masayendisiti matatu ane mukurumbira-Ferid Murad, Robert Furchgott, naLouis Ignarro, uyo akazokunda mubairo weNobel muMedicine-akaziviswa kupasi rose:

“Kushomeka uye kushomeka kwemabasa eSOD ndizvo zvinonyanya kukonzera kukwegura kwevanhu, kurwara, uye kufa.” Kuwedzera SOD kunogona kudzivirira nekurapa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana uye kunonotsa kuchembera.

Kubva pane iyo simbi ion inosungirirwa kune yavo saiti inoshanda, maSOD anonyanya kukamurwa muzvikamu zvina:

Kurongeka uye kugovera kweSOD

Cu/Zn-SOD: Bhuruu-girinhi muruvara, inonyanya kuwanikwa mucytoplasm yemasero eukaryotic, uye ndiyo inonyanya kuparadzirwa mhando yeSOD. Iyo SOD mumasero matsvuku eropa uye masero echiropa akanyanya erudzi urwu.

Mn-SOD: Pink muruvara, inonyanya kuwanikwa mumitochondria yeprokaryotes uye eukaryotes, uye yakakosha pakuchengetedza mitochondrial basa.

Fe-SOD: Yellowish-brown muruvara, yakatanga kuwanikwa mu *Escherichia coli*, uye inonyanya kuwanikwa mumaseru eprokaryotic uye ma chloroplast emasero mashoma ezvirimwa.

Ni-SOD: Emerald yegirini muruvara, inonyanya kuwanikwa muzvisikwa zvakaderera zvakaita secyanobacteria, green algae, uye *Streptomyces*.

Zvinyorwa uye zvigadzirwa mafomu eSOD

Natural SOD inowanikwa zvakanyanya mumhuka, zvidyarwa, uye tupukanana, asi kutorwa kwakananga kunotarisana nezvinetso zvakaita sekuderera kwekuita uye kusagadzikana. Parizvino, zvinotengeswa zveSOD zvigadzirwa zvinonyanya kubva kune anotevera masosi:

Zvitubu zvemhuka: Zvigadzirwa zvepakutanga zvainyanya kutorwa muropa remhuka dzakadai semombe nemakwai (Cu/Zn-SOD). Nekudaro, zvigadzirwa izvi zvine huremu hombe hwemamorekuru uye zviri nyore kuputswa nemudumbu acid kana zvichitorwa nemuromo.  Uyezve, zvinhu zvinobva kumhuka zvinogona kukonzera allergies kana kutakura utachiona.

Miti yemiti: Inotorwa kubva kune zvimwe zvinomera (zvakadai segungwa buckthorn uye spirulina), asi basa ravo rinokanganiswa nyore nyore nekuchera uye kuchengetedza mamiriro, uye zvinoputsika nyore nyore nema enzymes ekudya kana akatorwa nemuromo, zvichiita kuti bioavailability yakaderera.  Mamwe masosi anewo mitengo yakakwira yekuchera kana anogona kunge aine huwandu hwehutsvina hunobva muchirimwa.

Microbial fermentation (kunyanya kushandisa recombinant genetically engineered bacteria) yave nzira yakakwana yekugadzirwa kweSOD yekutengesa, ine zvakanakira:

Yakachengeteka uye isina njodzi: Inodzivirira zvachose kusvibiswa kwepathogen (senge chirwere chemombe) uye njodzi dzekudzivirira zvirwere zvemhuka (senge ropa remombe), kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwakanyanya.

Goho repamusoro uye mutengo wakaderera: Kuburikidza nejenejinjiniya tekinoroji, mabhakitiriya akagadzirwa seE. coli uye mbiriso anogona kugadziridzwa kuti ataure zvinobudirira anobva kuvanhu kana chaiwo marudzi eSOD. Goho racho rakakwirira kudarika rekudyarwa kwemhuka nezvirimwa, zvichideredza zvakanyanya mari yekugadzira.

Kuchena kwepamusoro uye kugadzikana kwemhando: Yakagadzirwa mumatangi akavharika, asina kuviriswa, maitiro anodzoreka zvakanyanya uye ari nyore kuchenesa pasi. Chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chine kuchena kwepamusoro uye inowirirana mhando pakati pemabheti.

Hapana kupokana kwetsika: Iyo yese yekugadzira maitiro haisanganisi kuuraya mhuka kana kuparadzwa kukuru kwezvirimwa, kuenderana negirinhi kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye hutano hwemhuka zvinodiwa.

SOD chigadzirwa mafomu

Majekiseni anobaiwa: Anoshandiswa semishonga yemishonga ye adjuvant kurapa osteoarthritis, radiation disease, zvichingodaro.  Recombinant human SOD ndiyo sarudzo inofarirwa pamakiriniki ekushandiswa nekuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwayo kwepamusoro.

Kugadzirira nemuromo: Kusanganisira capsules, lozenges, nezvimwewo, zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinoshandisa nanotechnology kana glycosylation gadziriso kuvandudza bioavailability.

Cosmetic additives: Inoshandiswa kune yavo antioxidant zvimiro kunonoka kukwegura kweganda. Recombinant SOD inogona kuve "miniaturized" kuburikidza neiyo genetic engineering, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kupinda mu stratum corneum yeganda uye kuita yakadzika antioxidant mhedzisiro.

Zvokudya zvehutano: Yakawedzerwa sechinhu chinodzivirira kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudya zvehutano. Microbial fermentation-derived SOD inowanzoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kweprotein powders, probiotics, uye zvimwe zvekudya nekuda kwekudhura kwayo uye kuchengetedzwa kwakanyanya.