Kusanthula mozama kwa superoxide dismutase (SOD): "woteteza antioxidant" wa thupi. 

Tikamalankhula za ukalamba ndi thanzi, nthawi zambiri timamva mawu akuti "antioxidant." Koma kodi mumadziwa kuti matupi athu ali ndi chitetezo champhamvu kwambiri cha antioxidant, ndipo superoxide dismutase (SOD) ndi membala wapakatikati pa dongosololi? Zimagwira ntchito ngati "mkangaziwisi waulere" wokhulupirika, kuteteza maselo athu ku kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni. Lero, tiyeni tione bwinobwino za “woteteza okalamba” ameneyu.

Kumvetsetsa Ma Radical Aulere: "Opha Osawoneka" a Maselo

Tisanamvetsetse SOD, choyamba tiyenera kumvetsetsa cholinga chake chachikulu - ma radicals aulere.

Mwachidule, ma radicals aulere ndi mamolekyu osakhazikika omwe amapangidwa panthawi ya metabolism ya thupi, ndipo superoxide anion radicals (O₂⁻) ndi mtundu wofala komanso wovulaza.

Ma superoxide anion radicals amapangidwa kudzera m'njira zambiri: amapangidwa mwachilengedwe panthawi ya kupuma kwa mitochondrial, ndipo milingo yawo imachulukitsidwa kwambiri ndi kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe, cheza cha ultraviolet, radiation yamagetsi (monga kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi nthawi yayitali), kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kupsinjika maganizo, ndi zizolowezi zosayenera za moyo monga kusuta ndi kumwa mowa.

Ma radicals aulerewa ali ndi ma elekitironi osalumikizana ndipo amakhala otakasuka kwambiri, amachita ngati "achifwamba" omwe amaba ma electron m'maselo abwinobwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa nembanemba ya cell, kusintha kwa DNA, ndi kusintha kwa mapuloteni.

Kuwonongeka kwa maselowa chifukwa cha ma free radicals kumatchedwa "oxidative stress," ndipo monga momwe chitsulo chimachitira dzimbiri, maselo athu "amakalamba" pang'onopang'ono.

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kupsinjika kwa okosijeni kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimachitika komanso kukula kwa matenda ambiri, kuphatikiza ukalamba, nyamakazi, matenda amtima, matenda a neurodegenerative, komanso khansa.

SOD: "Mzere woyamba wa chitetezo" cha antioxidant system ya thupi.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) ndi antioxidant metalloenzyme yomwe imapezeka kwambiri m'zamoyo ndipo imakhala ndi zochitika zofunika kwambiri zamoyo.

ntchito yake yaikulu ndi catalyze ndi disproportionation anachita superoxide anion radicals (.O2-), kuwasandutsa hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) ndi mpweya (O2).  Hydrogen peroxide imaphwanyidwanso kukhala madzi opanda vuto ndi ma enzyme ena oletsa antioxidant (monga catalase ndi glutathione peroxidase), motero amachotsa ma radicals aulere ndikuteteza maselo ku kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni.

SOD imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popewera matenda komanso kukonza chitetezo chamthupi cha munthu, komanso imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri poletsa kukalamba, anti-tumor, ndi anti-inflammatory process.

SOD: Chinthu choletsa kukalamba, chomwe chimasintha dziko lonse lapansi.

SOD idapezeka koyamba ndikuphunziridwa ndi asayansi m'ma 1930. Mu 1938, katswiri waku America wa biomolecular Michael McCord, motsogozedwa ndi Fredrick Fridovich, adatulutsa bwino superoxide dismutase (SOD) m'maselo ofiira a bovine kwa nthawi yoyamba. Mu 1988, asayansi atatu otchuka-Ferid Murad, Robert Furchgott, ndi Louis Ignarro, omwe pambuyo pake adapambana Mphotho ya Nobel mu Medicine-adalengezedwa kudziko lonse lapansi:

“Kusokonekera komanso kuchepa kwa ntchito za SOD ndizomwe zimayambitsa kukalamba, matenda, ndi kufa kwa anthu.

Kutengera ma ion zitsulo omwe amamangidwa kumalo omwe akugwira ntchito, ma SOD amagawidwa m'magulu anayi:

Kugawa ndi kugawa kwa SOD

Cu/Zn-SOD: Mtundu wobiriwira wa buluu, womwe umapezeka makamaka mu cytoplasm ya maselo a eukaryotic, ndipo ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa SOD. SOD m'maselo ofiira a anthu ndi maselo a chiwindi ndi makamaka amtunduwu.

Mn-SOD: Mtundu wa pinki, womwe umapezeka makamaka mu mitochondria ya prokaryotes ndi eukaryotes, ndipo ndiyofunikira kuti mitochondrial igwire ntchito.

Fe-SOD: Mtundu wachikasu-bulauni, womwe unapezeka koyamba ku *Escherichia coli*, ndipo umapezeka makamaka m'maselo a prokaryotic ndi ma chloroplast a maselo ochepa a zomera.

Ni-SOD: Emerald green in color, makamaka imapezeka muzamoyo zotsika monga cyanobacteria, green algae, ndi *Streptomyces*.

Magwero ndi mitundu yazogulitsa za SOD

Natural SOD imapezeka kwambiri mu nyama, zomera, ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, koma kuchotsa mwachindunji kumakumana ndi mavuto monga kuchepa kwachangu komanso kusakhazikika bwino. Pakadali pano, malonda a SOD omwe amagulitsidwa makamaka amachokera kuzinthu izi:

Magwero a Zinyama: Zinthu zoyambirira zinali kutengedwa kwambiri m’mwazi wa nyama monga ng’ombe ndi nkhosa (Cu/Zn-SOD). Komabe, mankhwalawa ali ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa maselo ndipo amathyoledwa mosavuta ndi asidi am'mimba akamatengedwa pakamwa.  Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zomwe zimachokera ku nyama zimatha kuyambitsa ziwengo kapena kunyamula tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Zomera: Zotengedwa kuchokera ku zomera zina (monga sea buckthorn ndi spirulina), koma ntchito yawo imakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi kuchotsedwa ndi kusungirako zinthu, ndipo amathyoledwa mosavuta ndi michere ya m'mimba ikatengedwa pakamwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti bioavailability ikhale yochepa.  Magwero ena amakhalanso ndi mtengo wokwera wodula kapena amakhala ndi zonyansa zochokera ku zomera.

Kuwotchera kwa ma Microbial (makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito mabakiteriya opangidwanso ndi ma genetic) kwakhala njira yayikulu yopangira malonda a SOD, ndi zabwino zake:

Zotetezeka komanso zopanda chiopsezo: Zimapewa kuipitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (monga matenda a ng'ombe) ndi kuopsa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi cha zinyama (monga magazi a ng'ombe), kuonetsetsa chitetezo chokwanira kwambiri.

Zokolola zambiri komanso zotsika mtengo: Kupyolera mu umisiri waumisiri wa chibadwa, mabakiteriya opangidwa monga E. coli ndi yisiti akhoza kusinthidwa kuti awonetsere bwino mitundu yochokera ku anthu kapena mitundu yeniyeni ya SOD. Zokolola zake ndi zapamwamba kwambiri kuposa zokolola zanyama ndi zomera, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri ndalama zopangira.

Kuyeretsedwa kwakukulu ndi khalidwe lokhazikika: Amapangidwa m'matangi otsekedwa, osabala, amatha kuwongolera komanso osavuta kuyeretsa kumtunda. Chomalizacho chimakhala ndi chiyero chapamwamba komanso khalidwe losasinthika pakati pa magulu.

Palibe mkangano wamakhalidwe: Ntchito yonse yopangira sikuphatikizira kupha nyama kapena kuwononga mbewu mokulira, motsatira kutetezedwa kwachilengedwe kobiriwira komanso zofunikira pazaumoyo wa nyama.

Mafomu azinthu za SOD

Jekiseni: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ochiritsira osteoarthritis, radiation disease, ndi zina zotero.  Recombinant human SOD ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito kuchipatala chifukwa cha chitetezo chake.

Kukonzekera pakamwa: kuphatikiza makapisozi, lozenges, ndi zina zotero, zinthu zina zimagwiritsa ntchito nanotechnology kapena glycosylation modification kuti bioavailability ikhale yabwino.

Zowonjezera zodzikongoletsera: Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga antioxidant kuti zichedwetse kukalamba kwa khungu. Recombinant SOD ikhoza kukhala "miniaturized" kudzera mu genetic engineering, kuti ikhale yosavuta kulowa mu stratum corneum ya khungu ndikuchita zozama za antioxidant.

Zakudya zathanzi: Zowonjezeredwa ngati chophatikizira cha antioxidant ku zakudya zosiyanasiyana zathanzi. SOD yochokera ku Microbial fermentation imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapuloteni a ufa, ma probiotics, ndi zakudya zina chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika komanso chitetezo chambiri.