Isesengura ryimbitse rya superoxide dismutase (SOD): Umubiri wihariye "umurinzi wa antioxydeant" 

Iyo tuvuze gusaza n'ubuzima, akenshi twumva ijambo "antioxydeant." Ariko wari uzi ko imibiri yacu ifite sisitemu ikomeye yo kwirinda antioxydeant, kandi superoxide disutase (SOD) nimwe mubigize sisitemu? Ikora nka "radical radical scavenger" yizerwa, ihora irinda selile zacu kwangirika kwa okiside. Uyu munsi, reka dusuzume neza uyu "murinzi urwanya gusaza."

Gusobanukirwa Radicals Yubusa: "Abicanyi batagaragara" b'utugari

Mbere yo gusobanukirwa SOD, dukeneye mbere na mbere gusobanukirwa intego nyamukuru - radicals yubuntu.

Muri make, radicals yubuntu ni molekile idahindagurika ikorwa mugihe cyo guhinduranya umubiri, na superoxide anion radicals (O₂⁻) nubwoko busanzwe kandi bwangiza.

Superoxide anion radicals ikorwa binyuze munzira nyinshi: zisanzwe zibyara mugihe cyo guhumeka mitochondrial, kandi urwego rwazo rwiyongera cyane kubera kwanduza ibidukikije, imirasire ya ultraviolet, imirasire ya electronique (nko gukoresha igihe kirekire ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki), imyitozo ikomeye, guhangayika mumutwe, hamwe nubuzima bubi nko kunywa itabi no kunywa inzoga.

Izi radicals zubuntu zifite electron zidakosowe kandi zirakora cyane, zikora nk "" abajura "bibye electron mu ngirabuzimafatizo zisanzwe, biganisha ku kwangirika kwa selile, ihindagurika rya ADN, no gutandukanya poroteyine.

Uku kwangirika kwingirabuzimafatizo guterwa na radicals yubusa byitwa "stress oxydeide," kandi kimwe nicyuma kibisi, selile zacu "zisaza" buhoro buhoro muriki gikorwa.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko guhagarika umutima bifitanye isano rya bugufi no kubaho no gutera indwara nyinshi, harimo gusaza, arthrite, indwara zifata umutima, indwara zifata ubwonko, ndetse na kanseri.

SOD: "Umurongo wambere wo kwirwanaho" wa sisitemu ya antioxydeant yumubiri.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) ni antioxydeant metalloenzyme igaragara cyane mubinyabuzima kandi ikagira ibikorwa byingenzi byibinyabuzima.

Igikorwa cyacyo nyamukuru ni uguhagarika reaction idahwitse ya superoxide anion radicals (.O2-), ikayihindura hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) na ogisijeni (O2).  Hydrogen peroxide noneho igabanywa mumazi atagira ingaruka nindi misemburo ya antioxydeant (nka catalase na glutathione peroxidase), bityo ikuraho radicals yubusa kandi ikarinda selile kwangirika kwa okiside.

SOD igira uruhare runini mu gukumira indwara no kuzamura ubudahangarwa bw'umuntu, kandi igira uruhare runini mu kurwanya gusaza, kurwanya ibibyimba, no kurwanya indwara.

SOD: Ibintu birwanya gusaza, kuvumbura isi.

SOD yavumbuwe bwa mbere n'abashakashatsi mu myaka ya za 1930. Mu 1938, impuguke mu binyabuzima y’umunyamerika Michael McCord, iyobowe na Fredrick Fridovich, yakuye neza supermoxide disutase (SOD) mu ngirabuzimafatizo y’amaraso atukura bwa mbere. Mu 1988, abahanga batatu b'ibyamamare-Ferid Murad, Robert Furchgott, na Louis Ignarro, waje gutsindira igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel mu buvuzi-bamenyesheje isi yose:

"Kubura no kugabanya ibikorwa bya SOD nibyo bitera intandaro yo gusaza kwabantu, indwara, ndetse nurupfu. Kuzuza SOD birashobora gukumira no kuvura indwara zitandukanye no gutinda gusaza."

Ukurikije icyuma cya ion gihujwe nurubuga rwabo rukora, SOD igabanijwemo ibyiciro bine:

Gutondekanya no gukwirakwiza SOD

Cu / Zn-SOD: Ubururu-icyatsi kibisi mu ibara, kiboneka cyane muri cytoplazme ya selile eukaryotic, kandi ni ubwoko bukwirakwizwa cyane bwa SOD. SOD mu ngirabuzimafatizo zitukura z'umuntu hamwe na selile y'umwijima ahanini ni ubu bwoko.

Mn-SOD: Ibara ryijimye, riboneka cyane muri mitochondriya ya prokaryote na eukaryote, kandi ni ingenzi mu gukomeza imikorere ya mito-iyambere.

Fe-SOD: Ibara ry'umuhondo-umukara mu ibara, ryabanje kuvumburwa muri * Escherichia coli *, kandi usanga ahanini muri selile prokaryotic na chloroplasts ya selile nkeya y'ibimera.

Ni-SOD: Icyatsi kibisi cya Emerald, kiboneka cyane mubinyabuzima byo hasi nka cyanobacteria, algae y'icyatsi, na * Streptomyces *.

Inkomoko nuburyo bwibicuruzwa bya SOD

SOD isanzwe iboneka cyane mubikoko, ibimera, na mikorobe, ariko kubikuramo bitaziguye bihura nibibazo nko gukora neza no guhagarara neza. Kugeza ubu, ibicuruzwa bya SOD biboneka cyane cyane biva mubikurikira:

Inkomoko y’inyamaswa: Ibicuruzwa byambere byakuwe mumaraso yinyamaswa nkinka nintama (Cu / Zn-SOD). Nyamara, ibyo bicuruzwa bifite uburemere bunini bwa molekile kandi bigabanuka byoroshye na aside igifu iyo ifashwe mukanwa.  Byongeye kandi, ibikomoka ku nyamaswa birashobora gutera allergie cyangwa gutwara virusi.

Inkomoko y'ibihingwa: Yakuwe mu bimera bimwe na bimwe (nka buckthorn yo mu nyanja na spiruline), ariko ibikorwa byayo bigira ingaruka ku buryo bworoshye bwo kubikuramo no kubika, kandi bigahita bisenywa n’imisemburo igogora iyo ifashwe mu kanwa, bikavamo bioavailable nke.  Inkomoko zimwe nazo zifite amafaranga menshi yo kuvoma cyangwa irashobora kuba irimo urugero rwimyanda ikomoka ku bimera.

Fermentation ya mikorobe (cyane cyane gukoresha bacteri zakozwe na recombinant genetique) zahindutse uburyo bwibanze bwo gukora SOD yubucuruzi, hamwe nibyiza byingenzi:

Umutekano kandi udafite ingaruka: Irinda rwose kwanduza indwara ziterwa na virusi (nk'indwara y'inka zasaze) hamwe n'ingaruka zo gukingira indwara zituruka ku nyamaswa (nk'amaraso y'inka), bikarinda umutekano muke cyane.

Umusaruro mwinshi nigiciro gito: Binyuze mubuhanga bwa tekinoroji yubuhanga, bagiteri zakozwe nka E. coli numusemburo zirashobora guhinduka kugirango zigaragaze neza ubwoko bukomoka kubantu cyangwa ubwoko bwa SOD. Umusaruro uri hejuru cyane ugereranije n’inyamaswa n’ibikomoka ku bimera, bigabanya cyane ibiciro by’umusaruro.

Isuku ryinshi nubuziranenge buhamye: Bikorewe mubigega bifunze, sterile fermentation, inzira irashobora kugenzurwa cyane kandi byoroshye kweza epfo. Igicuruzwa cyanyuma gifite ubuziranenge bwinshi kandi bufite ireme hagati yicyiciro.

Nta mpaka zishingiye ku myitwarire: Igikorwa cyose cyo kubyaza umusaruro ntabwo kirimo kubaga amatungo cyangwa kwangiza byinshi ku bimera, hubahirizwa kurengera ibidukikije n’ibidukikije by’imyitwarire myiza.

Imiterere y'ibicuruzwa bya SOD

Imyiteguro yatewe inshinge: Ikoreshwa nkimiti yandikirwa imiti ivura osteoarthritis, indwara yimirasire, nibindi.

Imyiteguro yo mu kanwa: Harimo capsules, lozenges, nibindi, ibicuruzwa bimwe bifashisha nanotehnologiya cyangwa guhindura glycosylation kugirango bitezimbere bioavailable.

Amavuta yo kwisiga: Yifashishwa mumiterere ya antioxydeant kugirango atinde gusaza kuruhu. Recombinant SOD irashobora "miniaturizasiya" ikoresheje ingengabihe ya geneti, bigatuma byoroha kwinjira muri stratum corneum y'uruhu kandi bikagira ingaruka zikomeye za antioxydeant.

Ibiryo byubuzima: Yongewemo nka antioxydeant ibiribwa byubuzima bitandukanye. Microbial fermentation ikomoka kuri SOD ikunze gukoreshwa mugutegura ifu ya protein, probiotics, nibindi biribwa bitewe nigiciro cyayo n'umutekano muke.