Uhlalutyo olunzulu lwe-superoxide dismutase (SOD): "Umgcini we-antioxidant" womzimba 

Xa sithetha ngokuguga kunye nempilo, sihlala sisiva igama elithi "antioxidant." Kodwa ngaba ubusazi ukuba imizimba yethu inenkqubo yokukhusela i-antioxidant ephucukileyo, kunye ne-superoxide dismutase (SOD) lilungu eliphambili lale nkqubo? Isebenza njengokuthembeka "kwi-radical scavenger yasimahla," ikhusela rhoqo iiseli zethu kumonakalo we-oxidative. Namhlanje, makhe sijonge ngakumbi kulo “mlindi ochasene nokwaluphala.”

Ukuqonda iiRadicals zasimahla: "Ababulali abangabonakaliyo" beeSeli

Ngaphambi kokuba siqonde i-SOD, kufuneka siqale siqonde eyona njongo yayo - iiradicals zasimahla.

Ukubeka nje, ii-radicals zamahhala ziyiamolekyu ezingazinzanga eziveliswa ngexesha le-metabolism yomzimba, kunye ne-superoxide anion radicals (O₂⁻) luhlobo oluqhelekileyo kunye noluyingozi.

I-superoxide anion radicals iveliswa ngeendlela ezininzi: ziveliswa ngokwemvelo ngexesha lokuphefumula kwe-mitochondrial, kwaye amanqanaba abo anyuswa kakhulu kungcoliseko lwendalo, imisebe ye-ultraviolet, imisebe ye-electromagnetic (njengokusebenzisa ixesha elide izixhobo zombane), umthambo onzima, uxinzelelo lwengqondo, kunye nemikhwa engafanelekanga yokuphila njengokutshaya nokusela utywala.

Ezi radicals zamahhala zinee-electron ezingasebenziyo kwaye zisebenza kakhulu, zisebenza "njengabaphangi" abeba ii-electron kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo, ezikhokelela kumonakalo we-cell membrane, ukuguqulwa kwe-DNA, kunye ne-protein denaturation.

Lo monakalo weeseli obangelwa yi-radicals yamahhala ubizwa ngokuba "yi-oxidative stress," kwaye njengentsimbi yentsimbi, iiseli zethu ngokuthe ngcembe "ziguga" kule nkqubo.

Uphononongo lubonise ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative lunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokwenzeka kunye nophuhliso lwezifo ezininzi, kubandakanya ukuguga, isifo samathambo, izifo zentliziyo, izifo ze-neurodeergenerative, kunye nomhlaza.

I-SOD: "Umgca wokuqala wokukhusela" wenkqubo ye-antioxidant yomzimba.

I-Superoxide dismutase (SOD) yi-antioxidant metalloenzyme ekhoyo ngokubanzi kwizinto eziphilayo kwaye inomsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu webhayoloji.

Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukwenza ukuba i-disproportionation reaction ye-superoxide anion radicals (.O2-), iguqule ibe yi-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) kunye ne-oxygen (O2).  Iperoxide yeHydrojeni iphinda idityaniswe ibe ngamanzi angenabungozi ngamanye ama-enzymes e-antioxidant (afana ne-catalase kunye ne-glutathione peroxidase), ngaloo ndlela isusa ii-radicals zasimahla kunye nokukhusela iiseli kumonakalo owenziwe nge-oxidative.

I-SOD idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuselweni kwezifo kunye nokuphucula ukukhuseleka komntu, kwaye iphinda idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekuchaseni ukuguga, ukulwa ne-tumor, kunye neenkqubo ezichasayo.

I-SOD: Into echasene nokuguga, ukufunyanwa okutshintsha ihlabathi.

I-SOD yafunyanwa okokuqala kwaye yafundwa zizazinzulu ngo-1930s. Kwi-1938, ingcali yaseMelika ye-biomolecular uMichael McCord, phantsi kolawulo lukaFredrick Fridovich, yakhupha ngempumelelo i-superoxide dismutase (SOD) kwiiseli zegazi ezibomvu zebhovini okokuqala. Ngo-1988, izazinzulu ezintathu ezaziwayo-uFerid Murad, uRobert Furchgott, kunye noLouis Ignarro, owathi kamva waphumelela iBhaso leNobel kuNyango-elibhengezwe kwihlabathi:

“Ukusilela nokuncipha komsebenzi weSOD ngoonobangela abasisiseko bokwaluphala, ukugula nokufa kwabantu.

Ngokusekwe kwi-ion yesinyithi ebotshelelwe kwindawo yazo esebenzayo, ii-SODs zohlulwe ikakhulu ngokweendidi ezine:

Ukuhlelwa nokuhanjiswa kweSOD

I-Cu / Zn-SOD: I-Blue-green ngombala, ikakhulukazi efumaneka kwi-cytoplasm yeeseli ze-eukaryotic, kwaye lolona hlobo lusasazwa kakhulu lwe-SOD. I-SOD kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye neeseli zesibindi ikakhulu zolu hlobo.

I-Mn-SOD: Umbala opinki, ofumaneka ikakhulu kwimitochondria yeprokaryotes kunye ne-eukaryotes, kwaye ibalulekile ekugcineni umsebenzi we-mitochondrial.

I-Fe-SOD: Butyheli-ntsundu ngombala, ekuqaleni yafunyanwa kwi *Escherichia coli*, kwaye ifumaneka ikakhulu kwiiseli zeprokaryotic kunye neechloroplasts zeseli zezityalo ezimbalwa.

I-Ni-SOD: I-Emerald eluhlaza ngombala, ifumaneka ikakhulu kwizinto eziphilayo ezisezantsi ezifana ne-cyanobacteria, i-algae eluhlaza, kunye ne-*Streptomyces*.

Imithombo kunye neefom zeemveliso zeSOD

I-SOD yendalo ikhona ngokubanzi kwizilwanyana, izityalo, kunye ne-microorganisms, kodwa ukutsalwa ngokuthe ngqo kujongene neengxaki ezifana nokusebenza okuphantsi kunye nokuzinza okubi. Okwangoku, iimveliso ze-SOD ezifumanekayo kurhwebo ikakhulu ziphuma kule mithombo ilandelayo:

Imithombo yezilwanyana: Iimveliso zamandulo zazitsalwa kwigazi lezilwanyana ezinjengeenkomo neegusha (Cu/Zn-SOD). Nangona kunjalo, ezi mveliso zinobunzima obukhulu be-molecular kwaye zichithwa ngokulula nge-asidi yesisu xa zithathwa ngomlomo.  Ngapha koko, izinto ezithathwe kwizilwanyana zisenokubangela ukungezwani komzimba okanye ukuthwala iipathogens.

Imithombo yezityalo: Ikhutshwe kwizityalo ezithile (ezifana ne-sea buckthorn kunye ne-spirulina), kodwa umsebenzi wabo uchaphazeleka ngokulula ngokukhupha kunye neemeko zokugcina, kwaye zichithwa ngokulula ngama-enzymes okugaya xa zithathwa ngomlomo, okubangela ukuba i-bioavailability ephantsi.  Eminye imithombo ikwanazo iindleko eziphakamileyo zokutsalwa kwemveliso okanye inokuqulatha izixa zomkhondo wobumdaka obuvela kwizityalo.

Ukuvundiswa kweMicrobial (ingakumbi kusetyenziswa iibhaktheriya eziphinda zifakwe kwimfuzo) iye yaba yeyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yorhwebo lweSOD, kunye neenzuzo ezibalulekileyo:

Ikhuselekile kwaye ayinamngcipheko: Ithintela ngokupheleleyo ukosuleleka kwepathogen (okufana nesifo senkomo) kunye nobungozi be-immunogenic kwimithombo yezilwanyana (njengegazi lenkomo), iqinisekisa ukhuseleko oluphezulu kakhulu.

Isivuno esiphezulu kunye neendleko eziphantsi: Ngobuchwephesha bobunjineli bemfuza, iibhaktheriya ezinobunjineli ezifana ne-E. coli kunye ne-yeast inokuguqulwa ukuze iveze ngokufanelekileyo iintlobo ezithathwe ngabantu okanye ezithile ze-SOD. Isivuno siphezulu kakhulu kuneso sokuhluthwa kwezilwanyana nezityalo, oko kuthoba kakhulu iindleko zemveliso.

Ukucoceka okuphezulu kunye nomgangatho ozinzile: Uveliswa kwiitanki ezivaliweyo, ezinyumba, inkqubo ilawulwa kakhulu kwaye kulula ukuyihlambulula ezantsi. Imveliso yokugqibela inobunyulu obuphezulu kunye nomgangatho ohambelanayo phakathi kweebhetshi.

Akukho kuphikisana ngokuziphatha: Yonke inkqubo yemveliso ayibandakanyi ukuxhelwa kwezilwanyana okanye ukutshatyalaliswa okukhulu kwezityalo, ukuthobela ukukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo okuluhlaza kunye neemfuno zenhlalakahle yezilwanyana.

Iifom zemveliso yeSOD

Amalungiselelo atofwayo: Asetyenziswa njengamachiza amiselweyo kunyango lwe-adjuvant lwe-osteoarthritis, ukugula ngemitha, njl. njl.  I-SOD yabantu ephinda iphinde yafakwa lolona khetho lukhethwayo kwizicelo zeklinikhi ngenxa yokhuseleko oluphezulu.

Amalungiselelo omlomo: Kubandakanya ii-capsules, iilozenji, njl. njl., ezinye iimveliso zisebenzisa i-nanotechnology okanye i-glycosylation modification ukuze kuphuculwe i-bioavailability.

Izongezo zeCosmetic: Zisetyenziselwa iipropathi zazo ze-antioxidant ukulibazisa ukuguga kwesikhumba. I-SOD ye-Recombinant ingaba "i-miniaturized" ngokusebenzisa ubunjineli bezofuzo, okwenza kube lula ukungena kwi-stratum corneum yesikhumba kunye nemiphumo enzulu ye-antioxidant.

Ukutya okunempilo: Yongezwa njengesithako se-antioxidant kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zokutya okunempilo. I-SOD ye-Microbial fermentation-derived SOD idla ngokusetyenziswa ekuqulunqweni kweprotein powders, probiotics, kunye nokunye ukutya ngenxa yeendleko eziphantsi kunye nokhuseleko oluphezulu.